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CSFA Review > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following ligaments travels in the upper part of the broad ligaments below and in front of the fallopian tubes, passing over the vesicle vessels and nerve?

Cardinal

Uterosacral

Round

Pubofemoral

A

Round

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2
Q

The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the:

Subclavian

Carotid

Brachiocephalic

Radial

A

Left Subclavian

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3
Q

Which organ is completely retroperitoneal?

Liver

Kidney

Colon

Duodenum

A

kidney

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4
Q

Which of the following nerves is located lateral to the long thoracic nerve and innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Thoracodorsal

Long thoracic

Lateral pectoral

Subscapular

A

Thoracodorsal

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5
Q

Which of the following is the nourishing coat of the eyeball that consists mainly of blood vessels?

Iris

Chorid

Ciliary body

Central artery

A

Choroid

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6
Q

Collagen is produced by which of the following connective tissue cells?

Leukocytes

Osteoclasts

Fibroblasts

Erythrocytes

A

Fibroblasts

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7
Q

What is normal cardiac output for an adult?

4-8 L/minute

8-12 L/minute

12-16 L/minute

16-20 L.minute

A

4-8 L/ Minute

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8
Q

The white line of Hilton is situated:

Between the superior hemorrhoidal artery and middle hemorrhoidal artery

In the area between the proximal two-thirds and distal third of the transverse colon

Between the external and internal anal sphincters

Between the rectum and vagina

A

Between the external and internal sphincters

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9
Q

Two-thirds of the breast tissue rests on the pectoralis major muscle and the other one-third rests on the:

Pectoralis minor

Teres minor

Serratus anterior

External oblique

A

Serratus Anterior

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10
Q

Which of the following veins drains the right side of the verebral column?

Thoracic

Lumbar

Azygos

Posterior intercostal

A

Azygos

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11
Q

The arterial blood supply to the nose is from branches of the internal and external:

Inferior thyroid artery

Maxillary

Ethmoid

Facial

A

Ethmoid

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12
Q

Which of the following statements describes a nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve?

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus and travels directly into the larynx

Variant laryngeal nerve and innervates the thyrohyoid membrane

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches off the right recurrent laryngeal nerve and innervates the cricothyroid muscle

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches off the spinal branch of the accessory nerve an innervates the larynx

A

Variant laryngeal nerve that branches from the vagus and travels directly into the larynx

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13
Q

The series of arcades along the mesenteric border throughout the length of the colon is called the:

Arc of Riolan

Marginal artery of Drummond

Pancreaticoduodenal arch

Paracolic arcade

A

Marginal Artery of Drummond

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14
Q

Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes:

Splenomegaly

Acromegaly

Cardiomegaly

Hepatomegaly

A

Acromegaly

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15
Q

The three structures that form the anatomical triangle of Calot:

Cystic artery, right hepatic duct, common bile duct

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, abdominal aorta

Cystic artery, common bile duct, superior edge of duodenum

A

Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver

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16
Q

A chemical reaction that provides energy by the breakdown of food molecules is called:

Catabolism

Metabolism

Glycogenesis

Anabolism

A

Catabolism

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17
Q

In the inner lining of the mucosa of the GI tract composed of:

Smooth muscle

Areolar connective tissue

Epithelium

Elastic connective tissue

A

Epithelium

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18
Q

Which of the following are branches of the left coronary artery?

Anterior interventricular and right marginal

Posterior interventricular and diagonal

Circumflex and anterior descending arteries

Sinoatrial nodal and atrioventricular nodal

A

circumflex and anterior descending arteries

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19
Q

The celiac artery trifurcates into the:

Left gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries

Internal and external iliac and femoral arteries

Lumbar, gastric and splenic arteries

Renal, testicular and suprarenal arteries

A

Left Gastric, splenic and hepatic arteries

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20
Q

The carotid body and carotid sinus are two sensory structures; the carotid body is a:

Chemoreceptor

Neuroreceptor

Peptide receptor

Beta-adrenergic receptor

A

Chemoreceptor

( designed to monitor oxygen levels)

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21
Q

The dura plane that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the:

Roof cerebli, flat

Tentorium cerebelli, transverse

Transverse cerebelli, sigmoid

Triangle cerebelli, sagittal

A

Tentorium cerebelli, transverse

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22
Q

Which of the following is a principal muscle of the pelvic floor?

Rectus abdominis

Internal oblique

Levator ani

Sartorius

A

Lavator ani

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23
Q

Lymph channels run parallel to which structures?

Nerves

Veins

Arteries

Ligaments

A

Veins

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24
Q

The arterial supply to the bladder is derived mainly from the:

Obturator

Internal pudendal

Internal iliac

Umbilical

A

Internal iliac

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25
Q

Which of the following veins drains the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull?

Emissary

Middle cerebral

Cerebellar veins

Radial veins

A

Emissary

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26
Q

Where do the mental nerves and vessels exit from the mandible?

Fissure

Fossa

Fontanel

Foramen

A

foramen

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27
Q

Which of the following ligaments encloses the round ligament and extends from the lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall?

Suspensory

Ovarian

Infundibulopelvic

Broad

A

Broad

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28
Q

The ophthalmic artery divides into the:

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

Internal and external carotid

Middle meningeal and dorsal nasal

Episcleral and posterior ciliary

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear

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29
Q

Deoxygenated blood is carried from the right ventricle to the lungs via which strucutre?

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary veins

Coronary artery

Vena cava

A

Pulmonary Arteries

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30
Q

The veins of Sappey drain the:

Spleen

Bladder

Diaphragm

Lumbar verebrae

A

Diaphragm

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31
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the superior oblique muscle?

Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

A

Trochlear (IV)

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32
Q

An anzyme active in the digestion of starches is:

Amylase

Trypsin

Lipase

Lactase

A

Amylase

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33
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic

Thoracic

Median

Thoracodorsal

A

Phrenic

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34
Q

Which of the following is the loose areolar tissue that separates the breast from the pectoralis major muscle?

Subcutaneous tissue

Retromammary space

Cooper’s ligament

Superficial fascia

A

Retromammary Space

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35
Q

Another name for the folds on the inner wall of the stomach is:

Microvilli

Plicae

Rugae

Pylorus

A

Rugae

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36
Q

The anastomosis, or linking, of arcades between the superior and inferior mesenteric vessels is known as the long anastomosis of:

Roe

Riolan

Douglas

Retzius

A

Riolan

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37
Q

The three protective tissue layers called the meninges lie in the following order, starting with the most superficial:

Arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater

Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

A

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

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38
Q

The cartilage distal to the thyroid cartilage and proximal to the thyroid gland is the:

Articular

Cricoid

Tracheal

Hyoid

A

Cricoid

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39
Q

The valve that prevents the retrograde flow of blood into the atrium from the left ventricle is the:

Tricuspid

Pulmonary

Mitral

Aortic

A

Mitral

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40
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to the:

Inferior thyroid artery

Brachial artery

External carotid

Subclavian artery

A

Inferior Thyroid Artery

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41
Q

At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

Within the inguinal canal

At the location of the inguinal ligament

At the location of the ilioinguinal nerve

Within the triangle of doom

A

at the location of the inguinal ligament

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42
Q

A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a:

Crest

Trochlea

Tubercle

Condyle

A

condyle

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43
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?

Trochlear (IV)

Trigeminal (V)

Abducens (VI)

Facial (VII)

A

Abducens (VI)

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43
Q

The ovary is suspended from the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the:

Mesovarium

Parietal peritoneum

Ovarian ligament

Uterus

A

Mesovarium

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44
Q

Langer lines generally lie perpendicular to the direction of:

Skin folds

Underlying muscle tension

A midline incision

Movement of the bone joints

A

underlying muscle tension

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45
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen?

Beta

Islands of Langerhans

Chief

Parietal

A

Chief

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46
Q

Which vein is shared by the pancreas and liver?

Superior vena cava

Subclavian

Portal

Renal

A

Portal

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47
Q

Which of the following cranial nerves innervates the inferior, medial, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebra muscles of the eye?

Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

A

Oculomotor (III)

48
Q

The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the:

Internal iliac artery

External iliac artery

Aorta

Femoral artery

A

Internal Iliac Artery

49
Q

Which two electrolytes are essential for normal cardiac contractions?

Phosphate and chloride

Magnesium and sodium

Bicarbonate and sulfate

Potassium and calcium

A

Potassium and Calcium

50
Q

Jackson’s membrane would be found near the:

Cecum

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Rectum

51
Q

Fissure of Sylvius separates the:

Frontal and temporal lobe

Parietal and occipital lobe

Occipital and temporal lobe

Temporal lobe and olfactory area

A

Frontal and Temporal Lobe

52
Q

Which of the following arteries divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries?

Internal carotid

External carotid

Verebral

Basilar

A

Internal Carotid

53
Q

The two muscles that form the pelvic diaphragm are:

Levator ani and coccygeus

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

Psoas and piriformis

Puborectalis and obturator internus

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

54
Q

The avascular area located in the mesentery and to the left of the middle colic artery is:

The space of Riolan

Sudeck’s point

Jackson’s veils

Alcock’s canal

A

The Space of Riolan

55
Q

The arterial blood supply to the breast is supplied from branches of the:

Internal mammary, axillary and lateral thoracic

Internal thoracic and subclavian

Brachiocephalic and pulmonary

Intercostal and phrenic

A

Internal Mammary, Axillary and Lateral Thoracic

56
Q

Which vein proximally travels across the neck of the abdominal aorta?

Inferior mesenteric

Left common iliac

Splenic

Renal

57
Q

The ovarian artery is a branch of the:

Pelvic artery

Cystic artery

Rectal artery

Abdominal aorta

A

Abdominal Aorta

58
Q

The sphincter located at the distal end of the CBD that opens into the duodenum is the:

Oddi

Vater

Wirsung

Pyloric

59
Q

Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the internal carotid?

Vertebral

Aorta

Middle cerebral

Facial

A

Middle Cerebral

60
Q

What structures are located in the anterior mediastinum?

Upper trachea, esophagus

Phernic nerves, lower trachea and bifurcation

Thymus, ascending aorta, lymph nodes

Descending aorta, thoracic duct, vagus nerve, azygous vein

A

thymus, Ascending Aorta, Lymph Nodes

61
Q

The great sensory nerve of the face and head is the:

Trochlear (IV)

Oculomotor (III)

Hypoglossal (XII)

Trigeminal (V)

A

Trigeminal (V)

62
Q

Which ligament is attached to the posterior lateral condyle of the femur and to the notch of the midline of the tibia between the tibial condyles?

Posterior cruciate

Patellar

Anterior cruciate

Lateral collateral

A

Posterior Cruciate

63
Q

Which of the following areas located in the frontal gyrus of the brain controls the function of speech?

Brodmann’s

Broca’s

Temporal

Cerebral cortex

64
Q

In addition to the zygoma, which other bone comprises the zygomatic arch?

Maxilla

Mandible

Temporal

Sphenoid

65
Q

The gastric, right gastric, right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic, and short gastric arteries supply the:

Spleen

Stomach

Duodenum

Kidney

66
Q

Which of the following structures of the kidney does urine drain into from the major calyces?

Nephron

Bladder

Renal pelvis

Ureter

A

Renal Pelvis

67
Q

Body temperature is regulated by the:

Pons

Cerebellum

Midbrain

Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

68
Q

The gelatinous substance within the intervertebral disc is called the:

Spinous process

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosus

Intervertebral foramen

A

Nucleus Pulposus

69
Q

The nerve of Grassi is associated with the:

Stomach

Liver

Heart

Bladder

70
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies the cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal portion of the transverse colon?

Pancreaticoduodenal

Superior mesenteric

Abdominal aorta

Inferior mesenteric

A

Superior Mesenteric

71
Q

The head of the pancreas is surrounded by the:

Jejunum

Duodenum

Ilieum

Pylorus

72
Q

The third ventricle of the brain empties into the fourth ventricle through the:

Aqueduct of Sylvius

Choroid plexuses

Foramen venosum

Foramen spinosum

A

Aqueduct of Sylvius

73
Q

Which of the following lymph nodes is located between the pectoralis major and minor muscles?

Axillary

Inguinal

Rotter

Thoracic

74
Q

Which rectus muscle moves the eyeball upward and medially?

Lateral

Median

Inferior

Superior

75
Q

Which of the following cavities within the brain is filled with CSF?

Aperture

Medulla

Pyramids

Ventricles

A

Ventricles

76
Q

The anatomical division between the inguinal and femoral regions is the:

Femoral artery

Cooper’s ligament

Internal spermatic vessels

Poupart’s ligament

A

Poupart’s Ligament

77
Q

Which of the following nerves travels along the anterior-lateral chest wall and innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

Axillary

Long thoracic

Thoracodorsal

Musculotaneous

A

Long thoracic

78
Q

The inner lining of the mucosa within the GI tract is composed of:

Smooth striated muscle

Areolar connective tissue

Simple columnar epithelium

Elastic connective tissue

A

Simple Columnar Epithelium

79
Q

The arterial supply to the intestinal tract, with the exception of the stomach, duodenum, and distal rectum, is derived from the:

Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Cystic artery

Gastroduodenal artery

Hepatic artery

A

Superior and Inferior Mesenteric Arteries

80
Q

The point of separation between the posterior rectus sheath superiorly and absence of the sheath inferiorly is called the:

Arcuate line

Linea alba

Semilunaris

Aspera

A

Arcuate Line

81
Q

The node of Lund is located in the:

Triangle of Calot

Inguinal canal

Patella bursa

Carotid triangle of the neck

A

Triangle of Calot

82
Q

Adipose tissue lies in which of the following skin layers?

Epidermal

Subcutaneous

Dermal

Reticular

A

Subcutaneous

83
Q

The mammary gland is fixed to the overlying skin and the underlying pectoral fascia by fibrous bands known as:

Lobules

Acini

Suspensory ligaments of Cooper

Deep pectoral fascia

A

Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper

84
Q

The tibial and common peroneal nerves are terminal branches of which of the following nerves?

Femoral

Peroneal

Sciatic

Splenic

85
Q

At the base of each internal carotid artery is an enlargement called the:

Bulb

Body

Sinus

Plexus

86
Q

Spinal fluid is produced by the:

Choroid plexus

Lateral ventricle

Dura mater

Cerebrum

A

Choroid Plexus

87
Q

Which ligament connects the thyroid to the trachea?

Berry

Recurrent

Lateral

Posterior

88
Q

The area where the CBD joins the pancreatic duct and enters the duodenum is called the:

Ampulla of Vater

Duct of Santorini

Duct of Wirsung

Islets of Langerhans

A

Ampulla of Vater

89
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Subscapular

Thoracodorsal

Lateral pectoral

Intercostobrachial

A

Toracodorsal

90
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the thyroid gland?

Vertebral

Axillary

Internal carotid

External carotid

A

External Carotid

91
Q

The liver is divided into two principal lobes by which of the following ligaments?

Cruciate

Round

Falciform

Coronary

92
Q

Where is Hartmann’s pouch located?

Gallbladder infundibulum

Apex of the gallbladder

Stomach

Liver

A

Gallbladder Infundibulum

93
Q

The flexure between the transverse colon and the descending colon is called the:

Hepatic

Splenic

Gastic

Colic

A

Splenic Flexure

94
Q

Water constitutes what average normal percentage of total body weight?

20%-40%

50%-70%

70%-85%

15%-25%

A

50 - 70 % (60%)

95
Q

Which of the following is the name for the small pancreatic duct?

Wirsung

Santorini

Accessory

Cystic

96
Q

The coronary arteries originates at the base of the ascending aorta, also known as the:

Sinuses of Valsalva

Pulmonary sinuses

Coronary sinuses

Aortic sinus

A

Aortic Sinus

97
Q

The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the:

Larynx

Isthmus

Parathyroid gland

Cricoid cartilage

98
Q

The uterine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the:

Internal iliac artery

External iliac artery

Aorta

Femoral artery

A

Internal Iliac Artery

99
Q

The rectus sheaths that meet to form a tough fibrous white band that extends from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis is the:

Rectus abdominis

External oblique

Linea alba

Serratus anterior

A

Linea Alba

100
Q

The small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder are called:

Hepatopancreatic

Luschka

Hepatic

Portal

101
Q

At which vertebral level is the odontoid process located/

C1

C2

C7

L15

102
Q

The fold of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres:

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Central sulcus

Circular sulcus

A

Falx Cerebri

103
Q

The lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle through the opening called:

Foramen of Monro

Foramen ovale

Foramen of Vesalius

Foramen magnum

A

Foramen of Monro

104
Q

The structure that binds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the:

Mesentery

Greater omentum

Falciform ligament

Lesser omentum

105
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle is bounded by the rectus abdominis muscle, inferior epigastric vessels and:

External oblique muscle

Falciform ligament

Inguinal ligament

Linea alba

A

Inguinal Ligament

106
Q

Which of the following separates the frontal and temporal lobes?

Fissure of Sylvius

Fissure of Rolando

Fissure of Bichat

Longitudinal fissure

A

Fissure of Sylvius

107
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the skull, and descends through the neck region into the thorax and abdominal region?

IX

X

XI

XII

108
Q

The terminal arterial branches of the aorta are the:

Renal and gonadal

Superior and inferior mesenteric

Right and left common iliacs

Inferior phrenic and lumbar

A

Right and Left Common Iliacs

109
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the brain?

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Vertebral and internal carotids

External and internal carotids

Occipital and thyrocervical

A

Vertebral and Internal Carotids

110
Q

The frontal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the central sulcus, also called the:

Fissure of Rolando

Fissure of Sylvius

Tentorium cetrebelli

Transverse fissure

A

Fissure of Rolando

111
Q

Valves of the gallbladder are called:

Calot’s

Heister

Hepatic

Interlobular

112
Q

A prolongation of the breast tissue located in the upper, outer part of the breast that passes through an opening in the axillary fascia is called the:

Axillary tail of Spence

Cooper’s ligament

Axillary fascia

Sebaceous gland

A

Axillary Tail of Spence

113
Q

The branch of the aortic arch are:

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

Right and left common carotid

Brachiocephalic, right common carotid, right subclavain

Celiac truck, superior and inferior mesenteric

A

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

114
Q

The thoracic duct begins in the:

Spinal column

Thorax inferior to the mediastinum

Base of the skull

Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli

A

Abdomen at the Cisterna Chyli

115
Q

The junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins forms the:

Inferior vena cava

Femoral vein

Middle colic

Portal vein

A

Portal Vein

116
Q

The normal pH of blood is:

3.5-4.5

7.3-7.4

8.5-9.0

9.5-10.5

117
Q

The five branches of the facial nerve from superior to inferior after it enters the parotid gland is:

Buccal, cervical, mandibular, zygomatic, temporal

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

Cervical, temporal, mandibular, zygomatic, buccal

Mandibular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, cervical

A

Temporal, zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

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