Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

The primary function is to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Which type of joint is found in the elbow?

Answer 2

The elbow features a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension.

Question 3

What is the role of red blood cells?

Answer 3

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 4

Describe the function of the cerebellum.

Answer 4

The cerebellum regulates motor movements, coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech.

Question 5

What is the largest organ of the human body?

Answer 5

The skin is the largest organ, protecting against external factors, regulating temperature, and providing sensory information.

Question 6

What hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of metabolism?

Answer 6

Thyroid hormone primarily regulates metabolism.

Question 7

Define homeostasis.

Answer 7

Homeostasis is the process by which the body maintains a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Question 8

What is the role of synovial fluid?

Answer 8

Synovial fluid lubricates joints to enable smooth movement.

Question 9

Where are blood cells produced in the human body?

Answer 9

Blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of the bones.

Question 10

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Answer 10

The neuron is the basic functional unit of the nervous system.

Question 11

Explain the role of the small intestine in digestion.

Answer 11

The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.

Question 12

What does the term ‘anatomical position’ refer to?

Answer 12

The anatomical position refers to a body standing upright, with arms at the sides, palms facing forward.

Question 13

Identify the function of the atria in the heart.

Answer 13

The atria receive blood entering the heart and pump it to the ventricles.

Question 14

What type of tissue connects muscles to bones?

Answer 14

Tendons connect muscles to bones.

Question 15

Describe the function of the hypothalamus.

Answer 15

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles.

Question 16

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

Answer 16

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, while veins carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.

Question 17

Define the term ‘epidermis’.

Answer 17

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing a waterproof barrier and creating our skin tone.

Question 18

What is the significance of the axial skeleton?

Answer 18

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, which support the central axis of the body.

Question 19

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 19

A neurotransmitter is a chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse.

Question 20

Explain what a ligament connects.

Answer 20

Ligaments connect bones to other bones at joints.

Question 21

What structure in the cell is responsible for generating energy?

Answer 21

The mitochondrion is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP.

Question 22

Identify the main function of the liver.

Answer 22

The liver processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine, detoxifies harmful chemicals, and produces bile.

Question 23

What is the primary mineral stored in bones?

Answer 23

Calcium is the primary mineral stored in bones.

Question 24

Explain the role of cartilage in the body.

Answer 24

Cartilage provides support and cushioning for joints and structures such as the ears and nose.

Question 25

What does the term ‘visceral muscle’ refer to?

Answer 25

Visceral muscle refers to the smooth muscle found in the walls of internal organs, excluding the heart.

Question 26

What is the purpose of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 26

Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the brain and spinal cord while circulating nutrients and removing waste products.

Question 27

Where is the Achilles tendon located?

Answer 27

The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.

Question 28

What part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Answer 28

The occipital lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for visual processing.

Question 29

What type of cells produce antibodies?

Answer 29

B cells, a type of white blood cell, produce antibodies.

Question 30

Define the term ‘systole’ in the context of cardiac cycle.

Answer 30

Systole is the phase of the heartbeat during which the heart muscles contract and pump blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Question 31

Describe the function of the pancreas in digestion.

Answer 31

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which aid in digesting food and neutralizing stomach acid in the small intestine.

Question 32

What is the anatomical term for the windpipe?

Answer 32

The trachea is the anatomical term for the windpipe.

Question 33

Identify the primary components of blood.

Answer 33

Blood is composed of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 34

What is a synapse?

Answer 34

A synapse is a junction between two nerve cells, where impulses pass by diffusion of neurotransmitters.

Question 35

Explain the function of hemoglobin in the blood.

Answer 35

Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues throughout the body.

Question 36

What joint type allows for the widest range of movement?

Answer 36

The ball-and-socket joint allows for the widest range of movement, as seen in the hips and shoulders.

Question 37

What gland produces melatonin?

Answer 37

The pineal gland produces melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns.

Question 38

Define osteoporosis.

Answer 38

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weakened bones, increasing the risk of fractures.

Question 39

What is the function of the olfactory bulbs?

Answer 39

The olfactory bulbs are responsible for processing smells received from the nose.

Question 40

Describe how the kidneys function in homeostasis.

Answer 40

The kidneys regulate the body’s fluid balance and filter waste from the blood to produce urine.

Question 41

What muscle is primarily used in breathing?

Answer 41

The diaphragm is the primary muscle used in breathing.

Question 42

What is the function of the frontal lobe of the brain?

Answer 42

The frontal lobe is involved in decision making, problem solving, control of purposeful behaviors, consciousness, and emotions.

Question 43

Identify the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the body.

Answer 43

The parasympathetic nervous system conserves energy as it slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 44

What hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?

Answer 44

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is responsible for the fight-or-flight response.

Question 45

Describe the function of the small intestine in nutrient absorption.

Answer 45

The small intestine is where most nutrient absorption occurs, facilitated by its highly folded surface area.

Question 46

What is the significance of the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 46

The blood-brain barrier protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood, while allowing essential nutrients to pass through.

Question 47

Explain the role of the thyroid gland.

Answer 47

The thyroid gland secretes hormones that regulate growth, development, and metabolic rate.

Question 48

What is the main function of white blood cells?

Answer 48

White blood cells are primarily involved in defending the body against infection and disease.

Question 49

Describe how a neuron transmits information.

Answer 49

Neurons transmit information through electrical impulses and chemical signals across synapses.