Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

Answer 1

ANATOMY

Question 2

study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart, lungs, kidneys

Answer 2

GROSS ANATOMY

Question 3

all structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)

Answer 3

REGIONAL

Question 4

body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron
etc)

Answer 4

SYSTEMIC

Question 5

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

Answer 5

SURFACE

Question 6

deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye(cytology,
histology)

Answer 6

MICROSCOPIC

Question 7

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Answer 7

DEVELOPMENTAL

Question 8

studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

Answer 8

PHYSIOLOGY

Question 9

Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.

Answer 9

Integumentary system

Question 10

Protects and supports body organs, and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement

Answer 10

Skeletal system

Question 11

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression

Answer 11

Muscular system

Question 12

Smallest unit of life

Answer 12

CELLS

Question 13

Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid
mosaic

Answer 13

Plasma Membrane

Question 14

intracellular fluid packed
with organelles

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

organelle that controls
cellular activities

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 16

ECF (extracellular fluid)

Question 17

substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as
lubricants (saliva)

Answer 17

Cellular secretions

Question 18

most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides

Answer 18

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

Question 19

forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipid +
cholesterol)

Answer 19

Membrane Lipids

Question 20

allows the membrane to communicate with its environment, responsible for specialized membrane function

Answer 20

Membrane Proteins

Question 21

includes glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Glycocalyx (carbohydrate rich area) provides identity molecules for specific
biologicals markers.

Answer 21

Membrane Carbohydrates

Question 22

allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate,
inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

Answer 22

Cell Junctions

Question 23

encloses the cell, separating the cytoplasm from
the extracellular fluid

Answer 23

Physical Barrier

Question 24

determines which substances enters or exit the cell

Answer 24

Selective Permeability

Question 25

plasma membrane proteins interact with specific chemical messengers and relay messages to the cell interior

Answer 25

Communication

Question 26

cell surface carbohydrates allow cells to recognize each other

Answer 26

Cell Recognition

Question 27

either through a) binding to carrier proteins or b) through water filled channel proteins

Answer 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 27

diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that readily dissolve in lipids)

Answer 27

Simple Diffusion

Question 28

diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

Answer 28

Osmosis

Question 29

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

Answer 29

TONICITY

Question 30

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

Answer 30

Isotonic

Question 31

higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

Answer 31

Hypertonic

Question 32

more dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

Answer 32

Hypotonic

Question 33

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 33

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 34

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

Answer 34

Membrane Potential

Question 35

in which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity

Answer 35

Contact Signaling

Question 36

process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response

Answer 36

Chemical Signaling

Question 37

signals from the nervous system

Answer 37

Neurotransmitters

Question 38

signals from the endocrine system

Answer 38

Hormones

Question 39

chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

Answer 39

Paracrines