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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the structures of the body and their relationship to one another.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the functions of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

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3
Q

Atoms are combined to form molecules.

A

Chemical Level

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4
Q

Cellular Level

A

Cells are made up of molecules. It’s the basic functional unit of the human body.

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5
Q

Consist of similar cells working together.

A

Tissue Level

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6
Q

Organ Level

A

Made up of different types of tissues.

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7
Q

System Level

A

Group of different organs working closely together to perform a function.

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8
Q

Made up of different organ systems.

A

Organismal Level

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9
Q

Regional

A

All structures in a particular region of the body. e.g., leg region.

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10
Q

11 Organ systems in the body

A

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive (Male and Female) System

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11
Q

Breaks down molecules into smaller unit.

A

Catabolism

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12
Q

Anabolism

A

Construct molecules from smaller units.

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13
Q

Requirements for life

A

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal Body Temperature, and Atmospheric Pressure

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14
Q

Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.

A

Integumentary System

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15
Q

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, and produces heat

A

Skeletal System

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16
Q

Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands as the fast-acting control system of the body.

A

Nervous System

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17
Q

Glands secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.

A

Endocrine System

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18
Q

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.

A

Cardiovascular System

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19
Q

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood. Contains sites of maturation and proliferation of b cells and T cells that protect against disease-causing microbes.

A

Lymphatic System

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20
Q

Supplies blood with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. Gas exchanges happen in the walls and air sacs of the lungs.

A

Respiratory System

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21
Q

Breaks down food into absorbable unit that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Ingestible foodstuff are eliminated as feces.

A

Digestive System

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22
Q

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-based balance of the blood.

A

Urinary System

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23
Q

Overall function is to produce offspring.

A

Reproductive System

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24
Q

Includes ovaries, and other associated organs, uterine tube, vagina, uterus, mammary glands.

A

Female Reproductive System

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25
Q

Testis, other associated organs like prostate, penis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and vas deference.

A

Male Reproductive System

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26
Q

What does this highly organized human body do?

A

Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness/ Excitability, Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, and Growth

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27
Q

Set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.

A

Catabolism

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28
Q

Set metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. these reactions require energy, also known as an endergonic process.

A

Anabolism

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29
Q

Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal condition even though the outside world changes continuously

A

Homeostasis

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30
Q

Anatomical position where a person is laying flat on their front, face down.

A

Prone Position

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31
Q

Anatomical position where a person is laying flat on their back, face up.

A

Supine Position

32
Q

Divides the body into right and left sides

A

Sagittal Plane

33
Q

Divides the body into front and back sections.

A

Coronal Plane

34
Q

Divides the body into sections left and right midline.

A

Median Plane

35
Q

Divides the body into any type of angle other than horizontal and vertical angle

A

Oblique Plane

36
Q

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior

37
Q

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure the body; below

A

Inferior

38
Q

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

A

Anterior

39
Q

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

Prosterior

40
Q

Toward or at the midline of the
body; on the inner side of

A

Medial

41
Q

Away from the midline of the
body; on the outer side of the
body

A

Lateral

42
Q

Close to the origin of the body
part

A

Proximal

43
Q

Farther from the origin of a body part

A

Distal

44
Q

toward or at the body surface. e.g., liver to skin

A

Superficial

45
Q

On the same side

A

Ipsilateral

46
Q

Away from the body surface;
more internal

A

Deep

47
Q

On the opposite sides

A

Contralateral

48
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

49
Q

Nucleus

A

Organelle that controls cellular activities

50
Q

Pertains to a solution that contains a higher concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

A

Hypertonic

51
Q

Pertains to a solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes compared to the fluid within the cell

A

Hypotonic

52
Q

The difference in
concentration of a substance
between two areas

A

Concentration Gradient

53
Q

The ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering cells; internal water volume

A

Tonicity

54
Q

Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane

A

Osmosis

55
Q

The powerplant of the cell- provides an ATP supply.

A

Mitochondria

56
Q

Sites of protein synthesis. Small dark staining granules composed of RNA and proteins.

A

Ribosomes

57
Q

Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids .

A

Golgi Apparatus

58
Q

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes.

A

Perixisome

59
Q

Spherical membranous organelle containing activated hydraulic enzymes. Digests all kinds of biological molecules including bacteria and cell debris.

A

Lysosomes

60
Q

Intracellular fluid packed with organelles

A

Cytoplasm

61
Q

Selective permeable membrane.

A

Plasma membrane

62
Q

High specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses which enables them to: respond to stimuli and transmit electrical impulses

A

Neurons

63
Q

Non-conducting cells that support, insulates, and protect delicate neurons

A

Supporting cells / Glial / Neuroglia

64
Q

Well-vascularized tissue that is responsible for most type of body movement.

A

Muscle tissue

65
Q

Consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

A

Gland

66
Q

Product of a gland that can be aqueous, lipid or steroid-rich containing protein

A

Secretion

67
Q

Internal secretion

A

Endocrine

68
Q

External secretion

A

Exocrine

69
Q

One-celled

A

Unicellular

70
Q

Many celled

A

Multicellular

71
Q
A
72
Q

A characteristic of the epithelium where cells fit together closely to form continuous sheets tied together by tight junctions and desmosomes

A

Specialized Contacts

73
Q

A characteristic of the epithelium where as long as epithelial cells receive adequate nutrition, cells are replaced by cell division

A

Regeneration

74
Q

Programmed cell death, rids the body of cells that are programmed
to have a limited life span

A

Apoptosis

75
Q

Division of the nucleus,
is the series of events that
parcels out the replicated DNA
of the parent cell to two
daughter cells

A

Mitosis

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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