Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
A helpful review guide to refresh your mind
Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells
Tonicity
Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny membranous vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
In which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity
Contact Signaling
Allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells
Cell Junction
Is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions
Catabolism
Tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface. It increase the cell surface and and
most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney
Microvilli
Phospholipid bilayer with protein molecules plugged in as a fluid mosaic
Plasma Membrane
Higher concentration of non penetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate
Hypertonic
The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
Surface
Sites of protein synthesis. Small-dark staining granules composed of proteins and RNA
Ribosomes
Cell surface carbohydrates allow cells to recognize each other
Cell Recognition
Encloses the cell, separating the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid
Physical Barrier
Body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron, etc)
Systemic
Studies the function of the body, how the body part works and carry out their life sustaining activities
Physiology
Have the same concentrations of non penetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain water
Isotonic
Allows the membrane to communicate with its environment, responsible for specialized membrane function
Membrane Proteins
Product hormones that enter the blood or lymphatic fluid to specific target organs
Endocrine
Diffusion of a solvent through a membrane
Osmosis
Intracellular fluid packed with organelles
Cytoplasm
Diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer (usually small non polar molecules that readily dissolve in lipids)
Simple Diffusion
Organelle that controls cellular activities
Nucleus
Selectively permeable organelles
Plasma Membrane
Is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units
Anabolism
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression.
Muscular System
Process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response
Chemical Signaling
Projections formed by centrioles but longer. The only flagellated cell is a sperm which has one propulsive flagellum. It propels the cell itself
Flagella
Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Lozenge-shaped organelles that contains its own DNA, RNA, ribosomes and able to reproduce themselves
Mitochondria
Substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells
Extracellular Materials
Viscous, semi-transparent fluid in which other cytoplasmic elements are suspended
Cytosol
Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury
Integumentary System
Determines which substances enters or exit the cell
Selective Permeability
Most abundant materials, jellylike substance composed of proteins and polysaccharides
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
Forms the fabric of the membrane (phospholipid + cholesterol)
Membrane Lipids
includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Studies the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another
Anatomy
As the fast acting control system of the body. It also responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Nervous System
Period from the cell formation to cell division
Interphase
Chemical substances like stored nutrients, lipid droplets and pigments
Inclusions
Substances that aid in digestion or act as lubricants
Cellular Secretions
Lubricating fluid that separated the serosa
Serous Fluid
