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ANAPHY > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

anatomical position is placed face-down

A

Prone Position

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2
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

anatomical position is placed face-up

A

Supine Position

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3
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior (cranial or cephalad)

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4
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

Dorsal (posterior)

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5
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure the body; below

A

Inferior (caudal)

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6
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

toward or at the body surface

A

Superficial

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7
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

on the same side

A

Ipsilateral

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8
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Distal

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9
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

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10
Q

ANATOMICAL POSITION

toward or at the front of the body; in front of

A

Ventral (anterior)

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11
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Protects deeper organs from injury due to bumps, chemicals, bacteria, and dehydration.

A

Integumentary

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12
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Protects and supports internal organs
*Provides levers for muscular
action

A

Skeletal

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13
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Produces movement
*Maintains posture
*Produces heat

A

Muscular

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14
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Fast-acting control system
*Responds to internal and external change
*Activates muscles and glands
*Helps maintain short-term homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

A

Nervous

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15
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Produces offspring
*Testes produce sperm and male hormone
*Ovaries produce eggs and female hormones

A

Reproductive

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16
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
*Maintains acid-base balance
*Regulates water and electrolytes

A

Urinary

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17
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Breaks down food
*Allows for nutrient absorption into blood
*Eliminates indigestible material as feces

A

Digestive

18
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
*Removes carbon dioxide
*Contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood

A

Respiratory

19
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Returns fluids to blood vessels
*Cleanses the blood
*Involved in immunity

A

Lymphatic

20
Q

ORGAN SYSTEM OVERVIEW

*Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
*Oxygen
*Carbon dioxide
aNutrients
*Wastes

A

Cardiovascular

21
Q

Squamous cells
Columnar cells
Cuboid cells
(What type of tissue?)

A

Epithelial tissue (cells)

22
Q

FUNNCTIONS OF THE MITOCHONDRIA

Glucose enters the cell cytoplasm and then
is converted to pyruvic acid by ———
* As a product of this reaction, ADP is
converted to ATP
* However, glycolysis accounts for only 5
percent of the cell’s energy needs

A

Glycolysis

23
Q

THE NUCLEUS

*contains one or more dark-staining nucleoli
*Sites of ribosome assembly
*Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores to serve as the site of protein synthesis

A

Nucleolus

24
Q

THE NUCLEUS

*Composed of DNA wound around histones (proteins)
*Scattered throughout the nucleus and present when the cell is not dividing
*Condenses to form dense, rodlike bodies called chromosomes when the cell divides

A

Chromatin

25
Q

*Transparent barrier for cell contents
*Contains cell contents
*Separates cell contents from surrounding
environment

A

The Plasma Membrane

26
Q

Smallest INDEPENDENT UNITS of LIFE.

A

Cells

27
Q

Group of TWO or MORE KINDS of TISSUE bound together to form a structure. (e.g. STOMACH, LIVER, SKIN.)

A

Organ

28
Q

Made of LYMPHOCYTES (T AND B).
FUNCTION: DEFENSE

A

Immune System

28
Q

Made of DUCTLESS GLANDS.
Function: SECRETE HORMONES.

A

Endocrine System

29
Q

A solution in which the pH is greater than 0 and less than 7. The lower the number the more acidic the solution, the higher the concentration of H .

A

Acidic solution

30
Q

A solution in which the pH is greater than 7 and less than 14. The higher the number the more basic the solution is because the concentration of H is lower.

A

Basic solution

31
Q

A solution in which the pH is equal to 7. In this solution the concentration of H is equal to the concentration of OH , and is thus neutral. + -

A

Neutral solution

32
Q

Compounds that contain carbon and usually hydrogen.

A

Organic compounds

33
Q

Compounds that do not contain carbon bonded to carbon or carbon bonded to hydrogen

A

Inorganic compound

34
Q

There are 6 categories of nutrients required by the body:

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
35
Q

A group of tissues with similar or common function

A

Organ level

36
Q

Cell or organ that receives information (output) from control center and produces a response (effect)

A

Effector

37
Q

Condition in which body’s internal environment remains within certain narrow physiological limits

A

Homeostasis

38
Q

Adjustment of physiological system to maintain homeostasis

A

Homeostatic regulation

39
Q

represents the atoms and molecules that make up cells (Consists of Atomic level and molecular level)

A

Chemical level

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