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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The heart appears to be a what shape?

A

Cone / inverted triangle shaped

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2
Q

The heart relatively same size as what?

A

Closed fist

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3
Q

Where does the heart rest?

A

Diaphragm

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4
Q

Where is the hear located?

A

Mediastinum

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5
Q

What is the inferior border of the heart?

A

Diaphragm

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6
Q

What is the lateral border of the heart?

A

Lungs

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7
Q

What is the anterior border of the heart?

A

Sternum

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8
Q

What is the posterior border of the heart?

A

Vertebra

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9
Q

What structure forms the anterior surface of the heart?

A

RIght Ventricle

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10
Q

___ forms the most posterior heart surface

A

Light Atrium

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11
Q

___ forms heart’s apex

A

Left Ventricle

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12
Q

What are the anterior surfaces of the heart? (2)

A

Right Atrium and Ventricle

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13
Q

What is the posterior surface of the heart? (2)

A

Right and Left Atrium

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14
Q

What are the inferior surface of the heart? (2)

A

Right and Left Ventricle

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15
Q

What are the layers of the heart?

A
  1. Pericardium
  2. Epicardium
  3. Myocardium
  4. Endocardium
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16
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that encloses the heart

A

Pericardium

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17
Q

What is the function of the Pericardium?

A

Protects heart from trauma and infection

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18
Q

The outermost layers of the pericardium is called a ___?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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19
Q

What is the function of the Fibrous Pericardium?

A

It anchors hearts on mediastinum and it prevents the heart from over stretching

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20
Q

The innermost layer of the pericardium is called a ___?

A

Serous Pericardium

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21
Q

A layer that adheres tightly to the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium

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22
Q

What is the outermost layer of the Serous Pericardium?

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium

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23
Q

Layer that adheres tightly to the heart

A

Visceral Serous Pericardium

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24
Q

Normal value of Pericardial Fluid

A

15 mL

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25
What is the function of the Pericardial Fluid?
decrease friction in heart to prevent friction rub
26
Where is the pericardial fluid located?
between the visceral and parietal SP (pericardial space)
27
Increase pericardial fluid results to:
Cardiac Tamponade (-) pain Death 2* to MI d/t unable to pump blood
28
Decrease pericardial fluid results to:
Pericardial Friction Rub Pain Pericarditis
29
What are the 2 parts of the atrioventricular valve?
Tricuspid and bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
30
What are the 3 parts of the semilunar valve?
Pulmonary, Aortic, Outlet
31
Also called the receiving chamber
Atria
32
Muscle present in the anterior wall of the 2 atria making the texture rough
Pectinate Muscle
33
Opening of the interatrial septum of a fetal heart
Foramen Ovale
34
Remnant of foramen ovale
Fossa Ovalis
35
Oval depression
Fossa Ovalis
36
Also called the pumping chambers
Ventricles
37
What is the fiber called in the ridges of the cardiac muscle?
Trabeculae Carbae
38
Cone shape structure of trabeculae carnae where the chordae tendinae are attached
Papillary muscle
39
Structure that separates 2 ventricles
Interventricular Septum
40
Provides blood supply to the heart
Coronary Artery
41
Supplies blood in the Anterior Wall and Apical Wall of the (L) Ventricle
Left Anterior Descending Artery (LADA)
42
Supplies blood to the Lateral Wall and Inferior Wall of (L) Ventricle
Circumflex Artery
43
Most common L sided heart failure
Left ventricular failure
44
Direct covering of the heart
Epicardium
45
contractile unit of the heart
Mayocardium
46
Smooth lining of the heart
Endocardium
47
What happens in S3?
Rapid filling of ventricles In CHF: Ventricular Gallop by non-contractile left ventricle CHF (dec contraction)
48
What part of pregnancy is ventricular gallop expected?
Last trimester
49
What happens in S4?
Atrial Systole In MI/HTN: Atrial gallop
50
What causes S4 sound?
MI, CAD, Stenosis, HTN (overwork), Athlete
51
Direct connection of SA et AV node
Internodal Pathway
52
Drugs used for decreased contraction
beta-blockers calcium channel blocker alpha-1 locker
53
ANS effect in the heart
para- decrease contraction sympa- increase contraction
54
Aka Sinus Node
Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)
55
Primary pacemaker
SA Node
56
SA Node rate (bpm)
60-100 bpm
57
What is the general location of SA node?
R Atrium
58
What is the specific location of the SA Node?
Superior Septum Wall of th eRA bet slightly lateral to the opening of the Superior Vena Cava
59
Aka Junctional Node
Atrioventricular Node
60
Secondary Pacemaker
AV node
61
AV node rate (bpm)
40-60 bpm
62
Where is the AV node located?
Behind the tricuspid valve
63
mc site for H.B.
AV Node
64
Location of Bundle of His
Interventricular Spetum
65
Where is the Purkinje Fibers located?
Surrounds the 2 ventricles
66
Largest pacemaker of the heart
Purkinje Fibers
67
Tertiary pacemaker
Purkinje fibers
68
Tertiary pacemaker rate (bmp)
20-60 bpm
69
What is the resting membrane potential of the cardiac action potential?
-88mV
70
What happens during Phase 0 of cardiac action potential?
Depolarization inward current of Na+
71
What happens during phase 1 of cardiac action potential?
Initial repolarization decrease of Na+ Outward current of K+
72
What happens during phase 2 of cardiac action potential?
Plateau "pla-two" Inward current of Ca2+
73
What happens during phase 3 of cardiac action potential?
Repolarization Decrease influx of Ca2+ Outward current of K+
74
What happens during phase 4 of cardiac action potential?
Resting membrane potential return to -88mV
75
What happens during diastole?
ventricular Relaxation
76
What happens during systole?
Ventricular Contraction
77
What happens during isovolumetric contraction?
no change in volume
78
What happens during ventricular ejection?
increase systolic pressure
79
What happens during isovolumetric relaxation
ventricles return to the start point
80
What happens during ventricular filling?
passive filling

Cardiovascular System (1 decks)

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