ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

What is the first line of defense in eyeball protection?

Answer 1

Lashes

Question 2

What are lashes?

Answer 2

Specially modified cilia located along the lid margin.

Question 3

What are lashes important for?

Answer 3

Lubrication due to surrounding sebaceous glands.

Question 4

Why are lashes sensitive?

Answer 4

To allow quick reflex

Question 5

Name the 2 lash abnormalities

Answer 5

Blepharitis and Trichiasis

Question 6

What is Blepharitis?

Answer 6

Inflammation of the lid margins presents itself in dandruff-like flakes, itching, swelling, and redness.

Question 7

True or False:
Blepharitis is a chronic condition and a contradiction for contacts.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is Trichiasis?

Answer 8

Inward turning of the eyelash.

Question 9

What can help Trischiasis?

Answer 9

Bandage contact

Question 10

What is another term for eyelids?

Answer 10

Palpebrae

Question 11

What is the function of eyelids? (3)

Answer 11

To control the amount of light that enters the eye.
Distributes tears across the ocular surface.
Provide protection.

Question 12

Outermost layer of the lids?

Answer 12

Skin

Question 13

Middle layer of the lids?

Answer 13

Orbicularis Oculi (muscle)

Question 14

What is the Orbicularis Oculi responsible for?

Answer 14

Lid closure

Question 15

Third layer of the lids?

Answer 15

Densest & consists of the orbital septum, muscles, and tarsal plate.

Question 16

What is the Orbital Septum?

Answer 16

Tissue that separates the fat that is in the boney orbit from the lid itself.

Question 17

What are the 3 muscles of the lids?

Answer 17

Levator Palpebrae Superioris, contractor muscle, and Muscle of Muller.

Question 18

What does the Levator Palpebrae Superioris do?

Answer 18

Raises the upper lid

Question 19

Where is the Contractor Muscle located?

Answer 19

Lower lid

Question 20

What does the Muscle of Muller aid in?

Answer 20

Maintaining the lids shape

Question 21

Where is the tarsal plate located?

Answer 21

Runs along the lids

Question 22

What does the tarsal plate provide?

Answer 22

lid structure

Question 23

Which glands does the tarsal plate house?

Answer 23

Meibomian Glands

Question 24

Fourth lid layer

Answer 24

Palpebrae Conjuctiva

Question 25

What is the Palpebrae Conjunctiva?

Answer 25

Clear mucous membrane that covers the inner layer of the lid & portion of the sclera.

Question 26

What are lid abnormalities?

Answer 26

Contradictions for contacts due to insufficient wetting, increased inflammation, as well as increased secretions.

Question 27

What are some common lid problems? (5)

Answer 27

Ptosis
Ectropion
Entropion
Lagophthalmos
Growths

Question 28

Ptosis

Answer 28

drooping of the upper lid

Question 29

Ectropion

Answer 29

outward turning of the lid

Question 30

Entropion

Answer 30

inward turning of the lid

Question 31

Lagophthalmos

Answer 31

incomplete closure of the lids

Question 32

What are growths on the lids?

Answer 32

Benign or malignant formations on the surface of the lid.

Question 33

Palpebral Fissure

Answer 33

opening between the lids

Question 34

What is the average size of the Palpebral Fissure?

Answer 34

10mm wide & 30mm long

Question 35

Canthi

Answer 35

Where the 2 lids meet

Question 36

How many Canthi are there and what are they called?

Answer 36

Nasal Canthus & Temporal Canthus

Question 37

What is another name for Nasal Canthus?

Answer 37

Medial or inner canthus

Question 38

Conjunctiva

Answer 38

mucous membrane that runs from the inner eyelid to limbus.

Question 39

How many sections is the conjunctiva divided into and what are they called?

Answer 39

2:
Palpebral and Bulbar

Question 40

What does the palpebrae conjunctiva cover?

Answer 40

the lids

Question 41

What does the bulbar conjunctiva cover?

Answer 41

the globe

Question 42

Fornices

Answer 42

transitional area between the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva.