Anatomy And physiology Flashcards
what is the mitochondria used for?
the mitochondria is where the energy for all chemical reactions is created (it is known as the power house of the cell) cellular respiration
where is DNA stored in a cell?
DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell
function of cell walls.
these provide protection to the contents of the cell
what are organelles?
they are tiny bodies inside the cell that carry out their own functions.
Ribosomes
ribosomes are the structure responsible for making proteins. the proteins are needed by cells for repairs of damaged parts in the cell
cell membrane
this is thin waxy layer that lines cell it allows for oxygen to diffuse in to the cell and carbon dioxide out.
What are Lysosomes?
Lysosomes contain enzymes which breakdown or digest old or broken parts of a cell.
Golgi apparatus
this modifies and stores manufactured proteins for transportation out of the cell
Centrioles
these are essential for the cell to divide
Nuclear Membrane
a double membrane that is designed to separate chromosomes for the rest of the cell
name the major body organs
- the brain
- the lungs
- the liver
- the large intestine (colon)
- the stomach
- the kidneys
- the small intestine
name as many different types of tissues
- connective tissue
- cartilage
- adipose
- areolar
- bone
- blood
name all 4 of the types of simple epithelia tissue
- simple cuboidal
- simple squamous
- simple columnar
- simple ciliated
where can 2 epithelial tissues be located on the body
- cuboidal is found in the lining of the kidneys.
2. ciliated can be located in the lungs and trachea.
give a definition of tissue,
list the four types of tissues
- tissues are group of similar cells
- the 4 types of tissues are:
. epithelial
. nervous
connective
muscle
state one place where each tissue could be found.
. epithelial is in lungs and skin
. connective is found in the skeleton, under the skin and in the heart
. muscle is located in stomach, intestines, heart
. nervous is located in the nerves and brain
name the 5 types connective tissues
- cartilage
- adipose
- areolar
- bone
- blood
list the functions of each tissue
. adipose - fat to protect organs and store energy
. areolar - bonds skin and muscle together
. bone - structural support and creation of blood cells, can provide protection to organs like lungs and heart ( in form of ribcage)
describe the function of each part of a cell
. cell membrane: outer layer of cell which transports and regulates what can go in and out of the cell
. nucleus = control hub of cell and is where genetic material is stored
. ribosomes = production of proteins and are made from RNA
. rough E.R = has ribosomes and makes cell proteins
. smooth E.R = no ribosomes and creates fats (lipids)
. mitochondria = supplies energy to cell
. centrioles = needed for cell to divide
. lysosomes = digestion of dead or worn out cell parts
. Golgi apparatus = makes and stores proteins and transports them out of the cell
define the axial
this is part of the skeleton located in the midline of the body ( skull and spine)
the definition of appendicular
the parts of the skeleton that attach to the midline of the body ( limbs, bones, pelvis and ribs)
list the functions of the male reproductive system
- production of sperm, maturation and storage and delivery of sperm
- male sex hormone = Testosterone
name the female sex hormones
- oestrogen
2. progesterone
define the terms ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption and egestion
- ingestion= intake of food
- peristalsis= waving of muscle contractions pushes food along the digestive system
- digestion= the breaking down of food into smaller soluble particles
- absorption= passing of food products into bloodstream
- egestion= removal of undigested food
