Anatomy And physiology

Question 1

what is the mitochondria used for?

Answer 1

the mitochondria is where the energy for all chemical reactions is created (it is known as the power house of the cell) cellular respiration

Question 2

where is DNA stored in a cell?

Answer 2

DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell

Question 3

function of cell walls.

Answer 3

these provide protection to the contents of the cell

Question 4

what are organelles?

Answer 4

they are tiny bodies inside the cell that carry out their own functions.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

ribosomes are the structure responsible for making proteins. the proteins are needed by cells for repairs of damaged parts in the cell

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

this is thin waxy layer that lines cell it allows for oxygen to diffuse in to the cell and carbon dioxide out.

Question 7

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 7

Lysosomes contain enzymes which breakdown or digest old or broken parts of a cell.

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

this modifies and stores manufactured proteins for transportation out of the cell

Question 9

Centrioles

Answer 9

these are essential for the cell to divide

Question 10

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 10

a double membrane that is designed to separate chromosomes for the rest of the cell

Question 11

name the major body organs

Answer 11

1. the brain
2. the lungs
3. the liver
4. the large intestine (colon)
5. the stomach
6. the kidneys
7. the small intestine

Question 12

name as many different types of tissues

Answer 12

1. connective tissue
2. cartilage
3. adipose
4. areolar
5. bone
6. blood

Question 13

name all 4 of the types of simple epithelia tissue

Answer 13

1. simple cuboidal
2. simple squamous
3. simple columnar
4. simple ciliated

Question 14

where can 2 epithelial tissues be located on the body

Answer 14

1. cuboidal is found in the lining of the kidneys.

2. ciliated can be located in the lungs and trachea.

Question 15

give a definition of tissue,

list the four types of tissues

Answer 15

1. tissues are group of similar cells
2. the 4 types of tissues are:
   . epithelial
   . nervous
   connective
   muscle

Question 16

state one place where each tissue could be found.

Answer 16

. epithelial is in lungs and skin
. connective is found in the skeleton, under the skin and in the heart
. muscle is located in stomach, intestines, heart
. nervous is located in the nerves and brain

Question 17

name the 5 types connective tissues

Answer 17

1. cartilage
2. adipose
3. areolar
4. bone
5. blood

Question 18

list the functions of each tissue

Answer 18

. adipose - fat to protect organs and store energy
. areolar - bonds skin and muscle together
. bone - structural support and creation of blood cells, can provide protection to organs like lungs and heart ( in form of ribcage)

Question 19

describe the function of each part of a cell

Answer 19

. cell membrane: outer layer of cell which transports and regulates what can go in and out of the cell
. nucleus = control hub of cell and is where genetic material is stored
. ribosomes = production of proteins and are made from RNA
. rough E.R = has ribosomes and makes cell proteins
. smooth E.R = no ribosomes and creates fats (lipids)
. mitochondria = supplies energy to cell
. centrioles = needed for cell to divide
. lysosomes = digestion of dead or worn out cell parts
. Golgi apparatus = makes and stores proteins and transports them out of the cell

Question 20

define the axial

Answer 20

this is part of the skeleton located in the midline of the body ( skull and spine)

Question 21

the definition of appendicular

Answer 21

the parts of the skeleton that attach to the midline of the body ( limbs, bones, pelvis and ribs)

Question 22

list the functions of the male reproductive system

Answer 22

1. production of sperm, maturation and storage and delivery of sperm
2. male sex hormone = Testosterone

Question 23

name the female sex hormones

Answer 23

1. oestrogen

2. progesterone

Question 24

define the terms ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption and egestion

Answer 24

1. ingestion= intake of food
2. peristalsis= waving of muscle contractions pushes food along the digestive system
3. digestion= the breaking down of food into smaller soluble particles
4. absorption= passing of food products into bloodstream
5. egestion= removal of undigested food