Anatomy And Physioligy Flashcards
5 different ways a skeleton is useful to the body
. Supportive shape
.protection
.movement
.making blood cells
.mineral storage
What are long bones?
Long bones (eg humorous in the arm) are used for larger gross movements
Short bones?
Short bones are used for smaller fine movements (eg bones in the hand moving at the wrist
Flat bones?
Protect internal organs (eg the ribs)
Where is the sternum bone?
It’s in your chest, also known as the breast bone
Where’s the vertebral column
In the neck, the spine
Where’s the scapular?
On the shoulder blade
Where is the femur?
In the thigh.
Where is the humorous?
Top part of your arm
Where is the ulna?
In the lower part of your arm, the slightly smaller bone.
Where is the radius?
In the lower part of your arm it’s the slightly bigger bone
Where is the patella?
It’s your kneecap
Flexion and extension?
Closing and opening of a joint in your bone
Adduction and abduction?
Moving towards and away from an imaginary line
Biceps and triceps?
Extension at the elbow, and flexion
What does the cardio vascular system do?
Helps transport things around the body in the blood stream like oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
Why is the cardio vascular system so important in sport?
.gives the muscles what they need to release energy to move during excersise
.more blood is moved nearer to the skin to cool the body more quickly
What are the 3 main parts the cardio vascular system is made up of?
The heart, blood and blood vessels
What do capillaries do?
Carry blood through the body to exchange gases and nutrients with the body’s tissue.
What’s so useful about capillaries?
They have thin walls so substances can easily pass through
What do veins do?
They carry blood to the heart.
How to veins stop the blood from going the wrong way?
They have valves
What do all veins carry?
Deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins. Thinner walls and less muscle
What did arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do arrière look lik
Think muscular walls allow them to carry blood flowing at high pressure e
Red blood cells?
Carry oxygen and transport it around the body to be used to release energy, needed by muscles during physical activity
White blood cells?
Fight against disease so you stay healthy and perform well
Trachea?
Air passes through the nose or mouth and then passes on to the trachea.
The bronchi?
The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi one going to each lung.
Bronchioles?
The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles
Alveoli
The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli where gases are exchanged.
The amount of air you breathe in and out during one breath is known as your?
Tidal volume
Alevoli are surrounded by lots of capillaries giving them a
Large blood supply
Alveoli also have a large surface area and moist thin walls
So that gases only have a short distance to move
What happens to your tidal volume when you exercise
It increases
What also increases when your exercising
Your breathing rate
Aerobic respiration
When the body uses oxygen to release energy from glucose
Aerobic respiration equation
Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide +water + energy
If the body keeps up with the oxygen demand of its cells it means there’s enough oxygen available for
Aerobic respiration
AEROBIC EXERCISE definition
When exercise is not too fast and is steady the heart can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need
How marathon runners get their respirrpatio?
Aerobic respiration
During vigorous exercise your body can’t supply enough oxygen. When this happens your muscles release energy without using oxygen in a different process called
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration equation
Glucose -> energy + lactic acid
ANAEROBIC EXERCISE definition
When exercise duration is short and the high intensity the heart and the lungs can’t supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as they cells need them
What body nutrients are used as fuel
Carbohydrates and fats
Definition of carbohydrates
The body’s main source fuel. They’re used during aerobic exercise at modeste intensity and for high intensity anaerobic exercise
Fats definition?
Used as fuel for aerobic exercise at low intensity. Fats provide more energy than carbohydrates but can’t be used as fuel for higher intensity exercise
