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ANSC 4340 - EVN > Anatomy And Phyiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Phyiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the medulla stimulate

A

Mobilization of lipid and glucose stores

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2
Q

What contributes to the fight or flight response

A

Medulla

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3
Q

Medulla can regulate

A

Cardiovascular function

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4
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Stress hormone

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5
Q

What does the catabolic hormone enhance

A

Glycogenesis, lypolisis, protolysis

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6
Q

Gonadocrticiods

A

Androgens and estrogen

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7
Q

What does the thyroid hormone stimulate

A

Metabolic rate

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8
Q

What does the thyroid hormone do

A

Heat production, fetal growth, and decreases response to exercise

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9
Q

What is produced by obesity

A

Proinflammatory

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10
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Biggest endocrine gland, storage of triglycerides, secretes leptin

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11
Q

Mastication

A

Particle reduction, first step in digestion

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12
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

Begins starch digestion

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13
Q

Salivary lipase

A

Begins lipid digestion

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14
Q

What is saliva used as

A

Stomach buffer

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15
Q

Swallowing

A

Second step in digestion, transport, bolts formation

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16
Q

Stomach activity

A

Third step in digestion, controls release into duodenum, begins protein digestion, gastrin and HCL is secreted

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17
Q

Stomach

A

A reservoir, 2-3 gallon capacity, is 7-8% of digestive tract.

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18
Q

What is the name of the valve that controls stomach contents to SI

A

Pyloric Valve

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19
Q

When is HCL secreted

A

Continuously but more following meals

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20
Q

Stomach acid activates

A

Pepsin

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21
Q

Pepsinogen is deactivated

A

Pepsin

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22
Q

Where do ulcers form

A

Upper portion of stomach

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23
Q

How are ulcers formed

A

Performance horses on scheduled meals

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24
Q

What controls food passage

A

Stomach acid

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25
Q

Small instance activity

A

Fourth steps of digestion, vast digestion occurs

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26
Q

What nutrients does duodenum absorb

A

Amino acids, monosaccharides, fat

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27
Q

What nutrients does jejunum absorb

A

Simple sugars, fats, amino acids, vitamins, minerals

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28
Q

Duodenum

A

secretion of enzymes

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29
Q

Jejunum

A

Major site of absorption

30
Q

What nutrients does Ileum absorb

A

Vitamin B12 and water

31
Q

Ileum

A

Contracts forcing materials into cecum

32
Q

Large intestine activity

A

Produces VFAs from fermented nutrients

33
Q

What is the most important nutrient absorbed in large intestine

A

Water and electrolytes

34
Q

Where is the cecum located

A

Beginning of large intestine

35
Q

In hindgut fermenters

A

Bacteria ferments fiber and roughages to provide energy

36
Q

Microflora

A

Adept at manufacturing vitamins, involved in immune response, require 40-50 gallons of water in GI tract

37
Q

How long do horses graze

A

16-18 hours/day

38
Q

How is forage placed between incisors

39
Q

How do horses drink

A

Tongue and lip form a funnel

40
Q

What stimulates salivation

41
Q

Younger moves material to

A

Cheek teeth for grinding

42
Q

How may movements are required for hay diets

43
Q

Chewing

A

Incisors shear grass, rear teeth grind side to side, teeth erupt 1/8 inch/year

44
Q

What are the three layers of teeth

A

Denline, Enamel, cement

45
Q

What is denline

A

Center of tooth

46
Q

What is enamel

A

Cover tooth crown

47
Q

What is cement

A

Covers tooth crown

48
Q

What is the difference between chewing hay and grain

A

Hay 3,000 before swallowing, grain 800 before swallowing

49
Q

How much saliva is mixed as a buffer

A

35-40 liters

50
Q

What is chyme

A

Food mixed with saliva

51
Q

How many pairs of glands secrete saliva

52
Q

What are the two sets of teeth

A

Deciduous (milk) and Permanent

53
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Milk teeth, smaller and whiter, first set

54
Q

Permanent teeth

A

Middle pair at 2.5, all in place by 5/6

55
Q

Signs dentistry is needed

A

Poor feed grinding, head tilt when eating, quidding, personality change, loss of weight, poor coat, choke, colic

56
Q

Pharynx

A

Funnel shaped rear of mouth, role in both digestion tract and respiratory tract

57
Q

Epiglottis

A

More upward to cover trecha entrance to prevent food inhalation

58
Q

Esophagus

A

3-4 feet long, dorsal to trecha, choke is associated with a problem

59
Q

Fore gut components

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

60
Q

Hind gut components

A

Cecum, large colon, small colon, rectum, anus

61
Q

Hormones secreted from pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatotropin

62
Q

Enzymes secreted into duodenum

A

Trypsin and chymotrypsin - protein, amylase - starch and dextrin, lipase - triglycerides/fatty acids, carboxypeptidase - peptides/ glycerol, amino acids.

63
Q

Hind gut activity

A

Water absorption, energy from fermented fiber, synthesis of vit. k and b complexes, utilization of undigested proteins

64
Q

Where do impaction colic happen

A

Pelvic flexure

65
Q

Small colon function

A

Recovery of water

66
Q

Where can sand and enteroliths accumulate

A

Junction of right dorsal colon and small colon

67
Q

What is protein from fiber broken down into

A

Amino acids

68
Q

Fiber breaks down to

69
Q

VFAs are absorbed and converted to

70
Q

Where is phosphorus absorbed

ANSC 4340 - EVN (3 decks)

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