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anatomy and phys chapter 6 > anatomy and phy chapter 6 > Flashcards

anatomy and phy chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Support. Bone is hard and rigid

A

cartilage is flexible yet strong.

Cartilage in nose, external ear, thoracic cage and trachea

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2
Q

Connect body parts.

A

Ligaments - bone to bone

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3
Q

Protection

A

Skull around brain; ribs, sternum, vertebrae protect

organs of thoracic cavity

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4
Q

Movement

A

Produced by muscles on bones, via tendons.
Ligaments allow some movement between bones but prevent
excessive movement

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5
Q
  1. Storage. Ca2+ and Phosphorus
A

Stored then released as needed.

Adipose tissue stored in marrow cavities.

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6
Q

Blood cell production

A

Bone marrow

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7
Q

Hematopoietic tissue)

A

that gives rise to blood cells (red =

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8
Q

erythrocytes, white =

A

leukocytes, and platelets = thrombocytes)

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9
Q

• Bones

A

Compact bone

– Spongy (trabecular or cancellous) bone

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10
Q

• Cartilages

A

Hyaline cartilage
– Fibrocartilage
– Elastic cartilage

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11
Q

• Tendons

A

– Attachment of muscle (skeletal) to bone

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

Attachment of bone to bone

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13
Q

Osteoblasts (Immature bone cells)

A

Formation of bone through ossification

or osteogenesis

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14
Q

Ossification

A

formation of bone by

osteoblasts.

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15
Q

Osteoblasts

A

communicate through
gap junctions. Cells surround
themselves by matrix.

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16
Q

Collagen

A

produced by E.R. and golgi.

Released by exocytosis

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17
Q

Precursors of

hydroxyapatite

A

stored in vesicles, then

released by exocytosis.

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18
Q

fetal

A

Hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

Osteoclasts (Destructive bone cells

A

Function: resorption of bone
– Hormonally induced (Parathyroid Hormone – PTH)
– Release enzymes that digest the bone

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20
Q

Osteocytes (Mature bone cells)

A

Stellate. Surrounded by matrix, but
can make small amounts of matrix to
maintain it.

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21
Q

– Lacunae

A

spaces occupied by

osteocyte cell body

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22
Q

Canaliculi:

A

canals occupied by

osteocyte cell processes

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23
Q

Nutrients

A 
diffuse through tiny amount
of liquid surrounding cell and filling
lacunae and canaliculi. Transfer
nutrients from one cell to the next
through GAP JUNCTION
24
Q

Osteoclasts (Destructive bone cells)

A

Function: resorption of bone
– Hormonally induced (Parathyroid Hormone – PTH)
– Release enzymes that digest the bone.

25
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down bone matrix/ destroy the bone matrix

26
Q

osteoblasts

A

formation bone matrix

27
Q

osteocytes

A

maintain the bone matrix

28
Q

• Long bone

A

Ex. Upper and lower

limbs

29
Q

short bone

A

– Ex. Carpals and tarsal

30
Q

flat bone

A

Ex. Ribs, sternum,

skull, scapulae

31
Q

irregular bone

A

– Ex. Vertebrae, facial

32
Q

• Diaphysis

A

Shaft

– Compact bone

33
Q

Epiphysis

A

– End of the bone

– Spongy bone

34
Q

Epiphyseal plate:

A

Hyaline cartilage; present until

growth stops

35
Q

• Periosteum

A

– Outer is fibrous layer of bone

36
Q

– Inner is single layer of bone cells

A

including osteoblasts, osteoclasts and

osteochondral progenitor cells (bone stem cells)

37
Q

periosteum

A

– Fibers of tendon become continuous with fibers of

38
Q

• Endosteum

A

Similar to periosteum, but more cellular CELLS. Lines all internal spaces including
spaces in spongy bone.

lining inside the cavity of the bone

39
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

In Long Bone: At the Diaphysis

• Secondary center of ossification

40
Q

primary center of ossification

A

begins at the diaphysis or the shaft

41
Q

secondary ossification center

A

begin at the ends or the epiphysis of the bone

42
Q
  1. Hematoma formation
A

Localized mass of blood released from blood vessels but confined within an
organ or space. Clot formation

43
Q
  1. Callus formation. Callus
A

mass of tissue that forms at a fracture site and connects the broken ends of
the bone.

44
Q
  1. Callus ossification.
A

Callus replaced by woven, spongy bone

45
Q
  1. Bone remodeling
A

Replacement of spongy bone and damaged material by compact bone. Sculpting of
site by osteoclasts

46
Q

body

A

main part

47
Q

head

A

enlarged end

48
Q

neck

A

constriction between head and body

49
Q

Margin or border

A

edge

50
Q

angle

A

bend

51
Q

tubercle

A

small rounded bump

52
Q

process

A

prominent projection

53
Q

fossa

A

general term for a depression

54
Q

fovea

A

little pit

55
Q

foramen

A

hole

56
Q

canal or meatus

A

tunnel

anatomy and phys chapter 6 (1 decks)

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