Anatomy and Phisiology Flashcards
abduction
muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abduction separates the fingers.
absorption.
The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells.
accessory nerve
also known as eleventh cranial nerve, a type of motor nerve that controls the motion neck and shoulder muscles.
adduction
muscles that draw a body part, such finger, arm or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extrmeity. In the hand adduction draws the fingers together.
adenosine triphosphate ATP
transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
adipose tissue
a specialized connective tissue considered fat which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.
adrenal glands
glands that are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolis. stress response and blood pressure, and support of immune system health through the generation of specific hormones.
anatomy
the study of human body structure, how the body parts are organizedm and the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.
aorta
the body’s largest artery, the arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
arteries
thick-walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.
arterioles
small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.
auricularis muscles
the three muscles of the ear and skin that work together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward.
auriculotemporal nerve
affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
autonomic nervous system ANS
the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles, glands and blood vessels and heart.
belly
the middle part of the muscles.
biceps
muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm
blood
nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.
blood vessels
tubelike structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, veins, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules.\
body systems
groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more funtions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems.
brain
part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity.
brain stem
structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain
buccal nerve
affects the muscles of the mouth
buccinator
the thin flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle.
capillaries
tiny, thin walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
cardiovascular system
body system consisting of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body.
carpus
also known as wrist, a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments.
cell membrane
part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell
cells
basic unit of all living things;capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life.
central nervous system CNS
cerebrospinal nervous system, consists of the brain spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
cervical nerves
a branch of the facial nerve that affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.
cervical cutaneous nerve
a branch of the facial never that affects the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.
cervical vertebrae
the seven bones of the top part of the vertebrae located in the neck region.
circulatory system
aka cardiovascular system, controls the steady circulationof the blood throughout the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
clavicle
aka collar bone. bone joining the sternum and scapula
common carotid arteries
arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck, located on either side of the neck having an internal and external branch.
connective tissue
fibrous tissue that binds together, protects and supports the various parts of the body suck as bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat.
corrugator muscle
facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
cranium
oval, ebony, case that protects the brain
defecation
elimination of feces from the body
deltoid
large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
DNA deoxyribonucleic Acid
The blueprint material of genetic information contains all the information; contains all information that controls the function of every cell
depressor anguli oris
also known as triangularis muscles; muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth
diaphragm
muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing
digestion
a breakdown of food by mechanical amd ,ecjomca;
digestive enzymes
chemical that changes certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.
digestive systems
also called the gastrointestinal system; responsible for changing food into nutrients and wastes; consisting of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands and other organs.
digital nerve
sensory motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies impulses to the fingers
digits
aka phalanges; the bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones
ductless glands
aka endocrine glands; glands that release secretions called hormones directly into the blood
eleventh cranial nerve
aka accessory nerve; a motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles
endocrine glands
aka ductless glands release secretions called hormones directly into the bloodstream which in turn influence the welfare of the entire body.
endocrine system
a group of specialized glands that affect the growth development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body
enzymes
a group of complex proteins produced by living cells that act as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body such as digestion
epicranius
aka occipitofrontalis a broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and includes the occipitalis and frontalis
epithelial tissue
protective covering on body surfaces such as the skin mucous membranes and lining of the heart; digestive and respiratory organs; and glands.
ethmoid bone
light spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities
excretory system
group of organs including the kdineys , liver and skin, large intestine, and lungs that purify the body by elimination of waste matter
extension
when muscles straighten. when the wrist, had and fingers form a straight line for example
external jugular vein
vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face and neck
facial nerve
it is the chief motor nerve of the face. It emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck
fifth cranial nerve
aka trifacial or trigeminal nerve; it is the chief sensory nerve of the face, and it serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing it has 3 branches
flexion
when muscles move to pull the body part toward the core of the body such as when the biceps of the arm are activated toward the body.
frontal bone
bone forming the forehead
frontalis
front portion of the epicranius muscle of the scalp that raises the eyebrows draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead
gastrointestinal system
responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste also called the digestive system
glabella
the corregator and procerus muscles considered an area or region such as between eyebrows and or on the frontal bone, not specifically a muscle or a bone
glands
an organ that contributes to keeping the body in homeostasis by producing chemicals including hormones that are passed directly into the bloodstream because the glands have no duct system to travel through
greater auricular nerve
located at the side of the neck affects the face, ears neck and parotid gland
greater occipital nerve
located in the back of the head affects the scalp as fat up as the top of the head
heart
muscular cone shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system
histology
aka microscopic anatomy the study of the structure and composition of tissue