anatomy and function of the cerebrum

Question 1

what are gyri?

Answer 1

convolutions in the cerebrum

Question 2

what are sulci

Answer 2

grooves in the cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

what is the sylvian sulcus?

Answer 3

it is a sulcus on the lateral aspect of the canine brain

Question 4

what is the sylvian gyrus?

Answer 4

it is the gyrus surrounding the sylvian sulcus on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum

Question 5

what is the sulcus above the sylvian gyrus?

Answer 5

the ectosylvian sulcus

Question 6

what is the gyrus above the ectosylvian sulcus?

Answer 6

the ectosylvian gyrus

Question 7

what are other gyri and sulci in the cerebrum besides the sylvian and ecotsylvian gyri/sulci?

Answer 7

the suprasylvian, ectomarginal, marginal endomarginal sulci, coronal, cruciate, precruciate and postcruciate and gyri

Question 8

what gyrus/region does the motor area correspond to?

Answer 8

the cruciate

Question 9

what gyrus/region does the somatosensory area correspond to?

Answer 9

the conoronal and rostral suprasylvian areas

Question 10

what gyrus/region does the visual region correspond to?

Answer 10

the marginal gyrus/region

Question 11

what gyrus/region does the auditory region correspond to?

Answer 11

the caudal sylvian and ectosylvian regions

Question 12

what is the most spohisticated integrating center in the nervous system?

Answer 12

the cerebral cortex

Question 13

with learned relfexes, where is the integrating center?

Answer 13

in the cerebral cortex

Question 14

what is the function of the primary sensory areas?

Answer 14

receives direct input from sensory pathways; used to make sense of the inputs from the respective centers.

Question 15

what are the primary sensory areas in the cerebrum?

Answer 15

the somatosensory area that receives input from the skin and from muscles and joints; the visual area which receives input from the retina; the auditory area that reveies input from the inner ear; the gustatory area that receives input from the taste buds

Question 16

what are association areas?

Answer 16

areas that integrate information from all parts of the cortex; some are related to specific senses and integrate the input of their respective sense with the activities of other cortical areas. general association areas are involved with memory and linking behavioural responses to stimuli

Question 17

what are motor areas?

Answer 17

areas that are involved in initiating movements involving skeletal muscle

Question 18

what are clinical indications of cerebral cortical lesions?

Answer 18

altered sensation, altered motor activity, altered level of consciousness, abnormal behaviour, memory loss, alteration of reflex activity (learned and unlearned); appearance of abnormal reflexes; circling; changes in EEG

Question 19

what is the internal structure of the telencephalon?

Answer 19

large group of nuclei collectively called basal nuclei and running through the nuclei and lateral to the thalamus is hte internal capusle

Question 20

where are the fibers that carry impulses from the thalamus to the cerebral hemisphere located?

Answer 20

in the medial part of the internal capsule

Question 21

where are the fibers that carry impulses from the hemisphere to the brainstem and spinal cord located?

Answer 21

in the lateral part of the internal capsule

Question 22

what are the basal nuclei and internal capsule collectively called?

Answer 22

the corpus striatum

Question 23

what do the nonhemispheric portions of the telencephalon include?

Answer 23

the corpus striatum, the corpus callosum, the septum pellucidum, the hippocampus and the lateral ventricles

Question 24

what is the predominant telencephalic structure when viewed medially besides the hemispheres?

Answer 24

the corpus callosum

Question 25

what is the corpus callosum?

Answer 25

it is the largest group of commissural fibers in the brain

Question 26

what is the septum bellucidum

Answer 26

it is a structure that extends ventrally from the corpus callosum that separates the rigth and left lateral ventircles

Question 27

what is the fornix?

Answer 27

it arches in a rostroventral direction just bellow the septum pellucidum and connects the hippocampus to the mamilliary nuclei

Question 28

what does the lamina terminalis mark?

Answer 28

the most rostral extent of the embryonic neural tube

Question 29

what are the most primitive parts of the cortex?

Answer 29

the parahippocampal and dentate gyri

Question 30

what is the main sensory input to the limbic system?

Answer 30

olfaction

Question 31

does the hypocampus receive input from the limbic system?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

why is the hypothalamic function closely related to behaviors associated with the limbic system?

Answer 32

it receives input from most limbic centers.

Question 33

what are symptoms of lesions in the limbic system?

Answer 33

behaviour changes: increased or decreased sex drive, atypical aggression, shyness etc

Question 34

what are functions of the limbic system?

Answer 34

underlies behavior patterns that are considered basic to survival of the species; sex drive, aggression, avoidance, feeding
as well as non-primitive functions: learning, memory, performing learned motor skills

Question 35

what is the hippocampus essential for?

Answer 35

learning and acquiring learned behavior patterns

Question 36

what are the major components of the limbic system?

Answer 36

medial olfactory area, piriform lobe, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, tegmental nucleus, reticular nuclei