anatomy and function of the cerebrum Flashcards
what are gyri?
convolutions in the cerebrum
what are sulci
grooves in the cerebral hemispheres
what is the sylvian sulcus?
it is a sulcus on the lateral aspect of the canine brain
what is the sylvian gyrus?
it is the gyrus surrounding the sylvian sulcus on the lateral aspect of the cerebrum
what is the sulcus above the sylvian gyrus?
the ectosylvian sulcus
what is the gyrus above the ectosylvian sulcus?
the ectosylvian gyrus
what are other gyri and sulci in the cerebrum besides the sylvian and ecotsylvian gyri/sulci?
the suprasylvian, ectomarginal, marginal endomarginal sulci, coronal, cruciate, precruciate and postcruciate and gyri
what gyrus/region does the motor area correspond to?
the cruciate
what gyrus/region does the somatosensory area correspond to?
the conoronal and rostral suprasylvian areas
what gyrus/region does the visual region correspond to?
the marginal gyrus/region
what gyrus/region does the auditory region correspond to?
the caudal sylvian and ectosylvian regions
what is the most spohisticated integrating center in the nervous system?
the cerebral cortex
with learned relfexes, where is the integrating center?
in the cerebral cortex
what is the function of the primary sensory areas?
receives direct input from sensory pathways; used to make sense of the inputs from the respective centers.
what are the primary sensory areas in the cerebrum?
the somatosensory area that receives input from the skin and from muscles and joints; the visual area which receives input from the retina; the auditory area that reveies input from the inner ear; the gustatory area that receives input from the taste buds
what are association areas?
areas that integrate information from all parts of the cortex; some are related to specific senses and integrate the input of their respective sense with the activities of other cortical areas. general association areas are involved with memory and linking behavioural responses to stimuli
what are motor areas?
areas that are involved in initiating movements involving skeletal muscle
what are clinical indications of cerebral cortical lesions?
altered sensation, altered motor activity, altered level of consciousness, abnormal behaviour, memory loss, alteration of reflex activity (learned and unlearned); appearance of abnormal reflexes; circling; changes in EEG
what is the internal structure of the telencephalon?
large group of nuclei collectively called basal nuclei and running through the nuclei and lateral to the thalamus is hte internal capusle
where are the fibers that carry impulses from the thalamus to the cerebral hemisphere located?
in the medial part of the internal capsule
where are the fibers that carry impulses from the hemisphere to the brainstem and spinal cord located?
in the lateral part of the internal capsule
what are the basal nuclei and internal capsule collectively called?
the corpus striatum
what do the nonhemispheric portions of the telencephalon include?
the corpus striatum, the corpus callosum, the septum pellucidum, the hippocampus and the lateral ventricles
what is the predominant telencephalic structure when viewed medially besides the hemispheres?
the corpus callosum
what is the corpus callosum?
it is the largest group of commissural fibers in the brain
what is the septum bellucidum
it is a structure that extends ventrally from the corpus callosum that separates the rigth and left lateral ventircles
what is the fornix?
it arches in a rostroventral direction just bellow the septum pellucidum and connects the hippocampus to the mamilliary nuclei
what does the lamina terminalis mark?
the most rostral extent of the embryonic neural tube
what are the most primitive parts of the cortex?
the parahippocampal and dentate gyri
what is the main sensory input to the limbic system?
olfaction
does the hypocampus receive input from the limbic system?
yes
why is the hypothalamic function closely related to behaviors associated with the limbic system?
it receives input from most limbic centers.
what are symptoms of lesions in the limbic system?
behaviour changes: increased or decreased sex drive, atypical aggression, shyness etc
what are functions of the limbic system?
underlies behavior patterns that are considered basic to survival of the species; sex drive, aggression, avoidance, feeding
as well as non-primitive functions: learning, memory, performing learned motor skills
what is the hippocampus essential for?
learning and acquiring learned behavior patterns
what are the major components of the limbic system?
medial olfactory area, piriform lobe, cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, habenula, interpeduncular nucleus, tegmental nucleus, reticular nuclei
