Anatomy and Embryo MCQs

Question 1

3. You are called into operating room to assist in abdominal surgery. The surgeon asks you to retract a ureter in the abdominal region. From what you learned in anatomy, you immediately realize you should retract the ureter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_to avoid potential tear of vessels that supply and drain the abdominal portion of the ureter.
A. anteriorly
B. laterally
C. medially
D. posteriorly
E. superiorly.

Answer 1

C. medially***

Question 2

4. Which of the following structures is nonfunctional in human embryo/fetus?
A.	Mesonephros
B.	Metanephros
C.	Pronephros
D.	Urinary bladder
E.	Ureter

Answer 2

C. Pronephros

Question 3

5. The metanephric diverticulum (uteric bud) is derived from the
A.	  mesonephric duct
B.     metanephric mesoderm
C. 	  somatic mesoderm
D.    splanchnic mesoderm
E.     urogenital sinus

Answer 3

A. mesonephric duct

Question 4

6. Incomplete division of the metanephric diverticulum (uteric bud) results in
A. bifid kidney
B. bifid ureter and supernumerary kidney
C. bifid ureter
D. duplication of the ureter
E. supernumerary kidney

Answer 4

C. bifid ureter

Question 5

8. Which organ develops in the pelvic region of the body?
A.	pronephros
B.	mesonephros
C.	metanephros
D.	heart
E.	lung buds

Answer 5

C. metanephros

Question 6

10. A neonate, diagnosed with Potter syndrome, died shortly after birth. What congenital anomaly was the MOST LIKELY cause for the diagnosis?
A. bilateral renal agenesis
B. ectopic ureter
C. multicystic dysplastic kidney
D. polycystic kidney disease
E. Wilm’s tumor

Answer 6

A. bilateral renal agenesis

Question 7

11. Which of the following lineage pathways is correct?
    A. urogenital ridge -> nephrogenic cord -> pronephroi -> pronephric ducts -> metanephric ducts.
    B. urogenital ridge -> gonadal ridge -> pronephroi -> pronephric ducts
    C. urogenital ridge -> nephrogenic cord -> mesonephroi -> mesonephric tubules -> efferent ductules
    D. urogenital ridge -> gonadal ridge -> mesonephroi -> glomeruli
    E. urogenital ridge -> nephrogenic cord ->mesonephroi -> mesonephric mesoderm -> ureter

Answer 7

C. urogenital ridge -> nephrogenic cord -> mesonephroi -> mesonephric tubules -> efferent ductules

Question 8

12. The mesonephros, a transitory functional kidney in humans, has usually largely degenerated by which of the following weeks during development? 
  A.		 5th 
B.	 9th 
C.	13th 
D.	17th 
 E.	 	21st

Answer 8

B. 9th

Question 9

13. Autopsy of a stillbirth revealed oligohydramnios, hypoplasia of the bones of the calvaria, IUGR and renal dysfunction. History revealed that the mother came into contact with a teratogen during her pregnancy. What is the MOST LIKELY teratogen that she came in contact with?

A. ACE inhibitors
B. cocaine
C. rubella virus
D. thalidomide
E. varicella virus

Answer 9

A. ACE inhibitors

Question 10

15. Embryologically, each uriniferous tubule consists of two parts which become confluent at the junction of what two structures?
    A. ascending limb of loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule.
    B. descending and ascending limbs of loop of Henle.
    C. distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.
    D. proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle.
    E. renal corpuscle and the proximal convoluted tubule.

Answer 10

C. distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule.

Question 11

16. Exstrophy of the bladder (ectopia vesicae) is often associated with
A.	adrenal hyperplasia
B.	urachal fistula
C.	hypospadias
D.	epispadias
E.	chromasomal abnormalities

Answer 11

D. epispadias

Question 12

17. A mutational defect in which of the following genes will cause an alteration in the proliferation of nephron progenitor cells and failure in formation of the nephrons?
A. BMP-7
B. Emx2 
C. Lim1
D. Pax2
E. WT1

Answer 12

A. BMP-7

Question 13

18. The ureteric bud gives rise to all of the following structures, EXCEPT?
A. 	collecting tubules
B. 	major and minor calyces
C. 	renal pelvis
D. 	ureter
E. 	urinary bladder

Answer 13

E. urinary bladder

Question 14

19. The epithelium of the distal portion of the male urethra, located in the glans penis, is derived from which embryonic germ layer?   
            A. ectoderm
               B. endoderm
             C. intermediate mesoderm
             D. LP somatic mesoderm
             E. LP splanchnic mesoderm

Answer 14

A. ectoderm

Question 15

21. Which portion of the male urethra contains the urethral crest?

A. anterior lobe of prostatic urethra
B. intermediate urethra
C. posterior wall of prostatic urethra
D. posterior lobe of prostatic urethra
E. spongy urethra

Answer 15

C. posterior wall of prostatic urethra

Question 16

22. Identify the artery that supplies the proximal portion of the pelvic ureter.

A. abdominal aorta
B. internal iliac
C. inferior vesical 
D. gonadal  
E. renal

Answer 16

B. internal iliac

Question 17

23. Which vessel supplies the anterosuperior parts of a male urinary bladder?

A. external iliac 
B. inferior vesical
C. superior gluteal
D. superior vesical
E. vaginal

Answer 17

D. superior vesical

Question 18

25. Infection occurring around the middle portion of the ureter would drain into which portion of the lymphatic system?

A. Afferent inguinal lymphatics
B. Common iliac lymph nodes 
C. External iliac lymph nodes 
D. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
E. Deep inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 18

B. Common iliac lymph nodes