Anatomy And Diagnostics - Intro To Cells

Question 1

4 primary types of tissue

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

Question 2

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 2

1 cell thick, rests on basement membrane, structures with fluid/gas transmission, small blood vessels

Question 3

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 3

Protective, skin, mouth, vagina

Question 4

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 4

Protection and diffusion, salivary gland ducts, kidney tubules

Question 5

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 5

Diffusion and absorption, stomach, intestine, gallbladder

Question 6

Simple columnar ciliated epithelium

Answer 6

Movement, Fallopian tube

Question 7

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Answer 7

Single layer, respiratory tract

Question 8

Transitional epithelium

Answer 8

Changes shape, protection, urinary tract, bladder

Question 9

Smooth muscle

Answer 9

Involuntary, gut+bladder, spindle shaped, not multinucleated, not long, can initiate own contraction

Question 10

Skeletal muscle

Answer 10

Attached to bones, long, multinucleated striated, voluntary (somatic nervous system), powerful

Question 11

Cardiac muscle

Answer 11

Special striated (branched), involuntary contraction modulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, no fatigue

Question 12

Peripheral nerves

Answer 12

Bundle in connective tissue casing

Question 13

Muscle tissue (origin, function, types)

Answer 13

Origin: mesodermal embryo layer; function: produce movement; types: skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 14

Nerve tissue

Answer 14

origin: ectoderm of embryo; function: generate and conduct electric impulse; components: neurons/nerve cells (excitable), nerve fibres (axons and dendrites), neuroglia (supportive cells); cervical nerves (8 pairs), thoracic nerves (12 pairs), lumbar nerves (5 pairs), sacral nerves (5 nerves), coccygeal nerves (1 pair)

Question 15

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Answer 15

Requires expensive equipment and laboratory time, v detailed tissue structures (cell membrane, filaments, ribosomes), resolving power 0.2 to 0.35 nanometre

Question 16

Connective tissue - general

Answer 16

Origin: mesodermal embryonic layer; function: packing material everywhere in body, provides mechanical and metabolic support; components: cell and extracellular matrix; types: loose areolar, dense, reticular, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph

Question 17

Connective tissue - loose

Answer 17

Fibroblasts and adipocytes

Question 18

Connective tissue - skin

Answer 18

loose and dense connective tissue, collagen fibres; structure (top to bottom): keratin, keratinised squamous epithelium, loose connective tissue fibres of dermis, fibroblast nuclei, dense collagen fibres of dermis

Question 19

Light microscopy

Answer 19

Routinely used in medical laboratories, easy and simple to use, samples of tissues are processed, very thin slices cut, stained and mounted on glass slides, viewed using visible light, details seen seen restricted by the resolving power usually 0.2 micrometer x 1500 magnification

Question 20

Epithelial tissue

Answer 20

Origin: from all 3 embryonic germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm), 2 groups (covering/lining or surface epithelial (oral cavity, skin, vagina, respiratory tract, alimentary tract), glandural epithelia (sebaceous, salivary and mammary and exocrine and endocrine glands))