Anatomy and Biomichanics Flashcards
describe the functions of the skeletal system with examples
Protection - the cranium protects the brain
Shape - Shape of body is determined by bones
Storage - stores excess minerals
Production - red and white blood cells
Movement - joints allow movement of bones
describe the functions of the muscular system with examples
Movement of organs - heart, digestion and breathing
Movement of muscles - muscles are attached to bones through tendons to allow movement
Generate heat - muscle contractions to generate heat
Extension
Straightening or extending a limb
Flexion
Bending or flexing a limb
Abduction
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Adduction
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body
Rotation
The turning of a body part
Circumduction
The ability of the limb to move in circles
Hinge Joints
Move along one plane (like a door) they can extend and flex. An example is the knee or elbow joint
Ball and Socket joints
The most moveable joints in the body. They allow movement in all directions. An example is the hip or shoulder joint
Saddle Joints
No rotational movement but can move forwards, backwards and right and left. An example is the thumb
Condyloid joints
There is little movement in all directions but no rotational movement. AN example is the joints in the phalanges.
Pivot Joints
Only allows rotational movement. An example of a pivot joint is the vertebrae of the neck
Gliding joints
There is little movement in all directions. An example is the carpal bones in the hand
Explain the study of biomechanics
Biomechanics is the study of how living things move and in particular the efficiency of movement.
how is biomechanics used in sport
Biomechanics is used in sport to make an athletes movement more efficient, improve safety, develop new skills, injury prevention and in the development of new equipment.
Force summation:
The production of force through sequential muscle movement. The more muscles used with correct timing the greater the force is that is generated. A sporting context of force summation would be a baseball pitcher.
Projectile motion:
The study of an objects trajectory when force is applied. It uses angle and velocity of release to determine the distance covered by the object. A sporting example of projectile motion is kicking in AFL.
Balance and stability:
Stability is an object’s resistance to movement from a balanced position. A sporting context of balance and stability is a boxers stance.
Explain the difference between internal and external forces
Internal forces originate from within the body while external forces come from outside of the body.
