Anatomy and Biomichanics

Question 1

describe the functions of the skeletal system with examples

Answer 1

Protection - the cranium protects the brain
Shape - Shape of body is determined by bones
Storage - stores excess minerals
Production - red and white blood cells
Movement - joints allow movement of bones

Question 2

describe the functions of the muscular system with examples

Answer 2

Movement of organs - heart, digestion and breathing

Movement of muscles - muscles are attached to bones through tendons to allow movement

Generate heat - muscle contractions to generate heat

Question 3

Extension

Answer 3

Straightening or extending a limb

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

Bending or flexing a limb

Question 5

Abduction

Answer 5

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 6

Adduction

Answer 6

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

Question 7

Rotation

Answer 7

The turning of a body part

Question 8

Circumduction

Answer 8

The ability of the limb to move in circles

Question 9

Hinge Joints

Answer 9

Move along one plane (like a door) they can extend and flex. An example is the knee or elbow joint

Question 9

Ball and Socket joints

Answer 9

The most moveable joints in the body. They allow movement in all directions. An example is the hip or shoulder joint

Question 10

Saddle Joints

Answer 10

No rotational movement but can move forwards, backwards and right and left. An example is the thumb

Question 11

Condyloid joints

Answer 11

There is little movement in all directions but no rotational movement. AN example is the joints in the phalanges.

Question 11

Pivot Joints

Answer 11

Only allows rotational movement. An example of a pivot joint is the vertebrae of the neck

Question 12

Gliding joints

Answer 12

There is little movement in all directions. An example is the carpal bones in the hand

Question 13

Explain the study of biomechanics

Answer 13

Biomechanics is the study of how living things move and in particular the efficiency of movement.

Question 14

how is biomechanics used in sport

Answer 14

Biomechanics is used in sport to make an athletes movement more efficient, improve safety, develop new skills, injury prevention and in the development of new equipment.

Question 15

Force summation:

Answer 15

The production of force through sequential muscle movement. The more muscles used with correct timing the greater the force is that is generated. A sporting context of force summation would be a baseball pitcher.

Question 16

Projectile motion:

Answer 16

The study of an objects trajectory when force is applied. It uses angle and velocity of release to determine the distance covered by the object. A sporting example of projectile motion is kicking in AFL.

Question 17

Balance and stability:

Answer 17

Stability is an object’s resistance to movement from a balanced position. A sporting context of balance and stability is a boxers stance.

Question 18

Explain the difference between internal and external forces

Answer 18

Internal forces originate from within the body while external forces come from outside of the body.