Anatomy and Biomechanics of the MSK system

Question 1

First class lever example

Answer 1

triceps at elbow joint

Question 2

second class lever example

Answer 2

few.. toe raises

Question 3

Third class lever example

Answer 3

most mm in the human body are 3rd class (elbow flexion)

Question 4

convex on concave

Answer 4

opposite (convex surface moves opposite to the direction of the shaft of the bony lever

Question 5

concave on convex

Answer 5

same

Question 6

in the spine, the _____ rule applies at the AO joint. Below the second vertebra, the ____ rule applies.

Answer 6

convex on concave, concave on convex

Question 7

concave on convex in the hand, moving component

Answer 7

distal phalanx (flex, ext) , proximal phalanx (abd, add), trapezoid (wrist flex, ext)

Question 8

convex on concave in the hand, moving component

Answer 8

capitate, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum (flex,ext)

Question 9

concave on convex in forearm, moving component

Answer 9

distal radioulnar (radius pro/sup), humeroradial (radius flex,ext), humeroulnar (ulna flex, ext)

Question 10

convex on concave in forearm, moving component

Answer 10

proximal radioulnar (radius pro/sup)

Question 11

convex on concave in shoulder, moving component

Answer 11

glenohumeral (humerus all mvts), SC (clavicle elevation, depression)

Question 12

concave on convex in shoulder, moving component

Answer 12

SC (clavicle, protraction, retraction), AC (scap, all movements)

Question 13

convex on concave leg, moving component

Answer 13

Hip (femur, all movements)

Question 14

concave on convex leg, moving component

Answer 14

tibiofibular (fib head, all movements), knee (tibia, all movements)

Question 15

cervical spinal accessory nerve

Answer 15

c1-c4, scm, trap, other deep neck mm, neck flex, ext, rot, lateral flex

Question 16

spinal accessory nerve

Answer 16

c1-c4, c4 myotome, upper traps, shoulder shrug, scapular upward rotation

Question 17

medial/lateral pectoral nerve

Answer 17

c5-c8, t1, pect. major/minor, shoulder horizontal adduction

Question 18

medial pectoral nerve

Answer 18

c8-t1, pec minor, scapular downward rotation

Question 19

long thoracic nerve

Answer 19

c5-c7, serratus anterior, shoulder protraction, scapular upward rotation

Question 20

dorsal scapular nerve c5

Answer 20

levator scap, scapular elevation, downward rotation

Question 21

dorsal scapular c4-c5

Answer 21

rhomboids, scapular adduction, elevation, downward rotation

Question 22

suprascapular nerve

Answer 22

c4-c6 supraspin (shoulder abd), infraspin (shoulder ext rot)

Question 23

subscapular and thoracodorsal

Answer 23

c5-c8 lat, teres major, subscapularis, shoulder internal rotation and adduction

Question 24

axillary nerve myotome

Answer 24

c5-c6, myotome c5 deltoid, shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension

Question 25

axillary nerve

Answer 25

c4-c5 teres minor, shoulder external rotation

Question 26

musculocutaneous c5-c6

Answer 26

c5 reflex, c6 myotome, biceps brachii, elbow flexion, forearm supination

Question 27

musculocutaneous c6-c7

Answer 27

coracobrachialis, shoulder flex/add

Question 28

brachialis

Answer 28

elbow flex, c5-c6, musculocutaneous

Question 29

need to study nerves to arm

Answer 29

need to study that

Question 30

why is the coracoacromial ligament not a "true" ligament

Answer 30

connects two points of same bone

Question 31

_____ is a bibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the glenoid fossa

Answer 31

glenoid labrum

Question 32

glenohumeral joint arthokinematics/osteokinematics

Answer 32

occurs in opposite directions, with elevation of humerus, head of humerus moves in an inferior direction because of convex on concave rule

Question 33

at approximately ____ degrees of elevation, _____ occurs, preventing compression of greater tubercles against the acromion

Answer 33

75, ext rot

Question 34

Scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 34

120 degrees at glenohumeral, and 60 degrees at scap

Question 35

the annular ligament protects _____, especially in _____ where is is very unstable, taut in extremes of ____ and ____

Answer 35

radial head, semi-flexion, pronation, supination

Question 36

main contributor to bony stability in the elbow is

Answer 36

articulation between trochlea (humerus) and trochlear fossa (ulna)

Question 37

elbow- _____provides strong resistance to valgus forces

Answer 37

medial collateral lig

Question 38

elbow- resistance of ______ to vaus forces is ____, due to its attachment to another soft tissue structure _____

Answer 38

lateral collateral lig, minimal, annular lig

Question 39

Why does the lateral ligament of the elbow not have to be as strong as the medial ligament

Answer 39

functional activities place tensile forces medially and compressive forces laterally

Question 40

Radius is _____ relative to carpals

Answer 40

biconcave

Question 41

ulna is _____ at its distal end relative to the _____

Answer 41

convex, triquetrum

Question 42

the 5 degrees of tibial ____, which occurs during terminal knee extension

Answer 42

screw home, ER

Question 43

unlocking of the screw home mechanism occurs though action of ____

Answer 43

popliteus

Question 44

Known as _____ effect

Answer 44

plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis tightens with dorsiflexion of MTP jts as occurs during push off

Question 45

Difference between dorsal and ventral roots

Answer 45

dorsal -sensory, ventral- motor

Question 46

flexion- lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 46

During flexion, lumbar spine goes through 60-70 degrees and then pelvis will rotate anteriorly to allow more movement, eventually followed by flexion of hips

Question 47

extension- lumbopelvic rhythm

Answer 47

during extension, hips extend, pelvis rotates posteriorly, and then spine begins to extend

Question 48

nutation

Answer 48

describes a movement that involves flexion of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium

Question 49

counternutation

Answer 49

describes a movement that involves extension of sacrum and anterior rotation of ilium