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Lumbar Manipulation > Anatomy And Biomechanics > Flashcards

Anatomy And Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Lordosis of the lumbar spine develops with walking and is fully developed by _____ years of age

A

8-10

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2
Q

Describe the shape of the lumbar vertebral body.

A
  • Kidney shaped
  • Wider than deep
  • Increase in size from above down
  • Form a lordotic curve
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3
Q

The disc height to body ratio in the lumbar spine is _____

A

1:3

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4
Q

The approximate height of vertebrae in the lumbar spine is ______

A

9mm

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5
Q

What is the major role of the IVDs in the lumbar spine

A

Major role is not in directing movement, but in absorbing and dispersing compressive loads.

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6
Q

In what plane are the articular facet surface of the lumbar spine?

A

Sagittal, with lumbosacral becoming more coronal

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7
Q

The inferior articular facets are _____ and mate with the superior articular facets that are ______.

A

convex: concave

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8
Q

The inferior facet lies _______ (outside/inside) the superior facet.

A

inside

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9
Q

The lumbar facets resist what kind of motion

A

Rotation (less so in L5-S1)

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10
Q

The lumbosacral facets are the most common sight for ____ _____.

A

facetal tropism

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11
Q

What percentage of axial load to the facets in the lumbar spine normally carry? What percentage do they carry in the hyper extended posture?

A

Facets normally carry 18% of axial load and up to 33% in hyper extended postures.

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12
Q

The facets with their articular capsules provide up to ____% of the torsional strength of the lumbar spine.

A

45

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13
Q

Why are mammillary bodies used as adjustive contacts in the lumbar spine?

A

Because the TPs are small and run obliquely posterolateral such that their contact can be uncomfortable

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14
Q

TPs are located up ____ interspinous spaces?

A

1

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15
Q

Describe the SPs in the lumbar spine?

A
  • Run almost directly horizontal to the vertebral body.
  • Large and hatchet shaped.
  • The L5 SP is shorter, more rounded and difficult to distinguish.
  • can create a bony block for extension
  • superficial and sensitive to firm pressure
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16
Q

What is the GROM for flexion of the lumbar spine?

A

40-60 degrees

17
Q

What is the GROM for extension of the lumbar spine?

A

25-30 degrees

18
Q

Flexion/extension is the greatest range of motion in the lumbar spine, flexion more than extension. _____% of trunk flexion occurs in the lumbar
spine.

A

75

19
Q

What is the SROM for flexion/extension of the lumbar spine?

A

average of 14 degrees of combined movement per segment

12 degrees at L1-L2 and increasing to 17 degrees at L5-S1

20
Q

During flexion/extension of the lumbar spine, the IVD _____ posteriorly during flexion and _____ during extension

A

opens: approximates

21
Q

During flexion and extension of the lumbar spine, the disc bulges on the ____ side and
retracts on the ____ side.

A

concave: convex

22
Q

In the lumbar spine, the articular facets _____ during flexion and ______ during extension.

A

Separate: approximate

23
Q

In the lumbar spine, sagittal plane rotation is coupled with what movement

A

Sagittal plane translation

24
Q

At what amount of translation is a motion segment in the lumbar spine considered clinically unstable?

A

Greater than 4.5mm

25
Q

What is the GROM for rotation in the lumbar spine?

A

5°-18° to each side.

26
Q

What is the SROM in the lumbar spine?

A

Minimal an uniform at 2°-3° combined movement per segment

27
Q

During rotation of the lumbar spine, the facet joints ____ on the side of rotation and _____ on the side opposite rotation.

A

separate (gap): approximate

  • The facet joints act as a significant barrier to rotational
    mobility in the lumbar spine.
28
Q

What is the GROM for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine?

A

15-25 degrees

29
Q

What is the SROM for lateral flexion of the lumbar spine?

A

approximately 6° per side with movement dropping off to approximately 3° at L5-S1.

30
Q

During lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the IVD opens on the _____ side and closes on the ______.

A

contralateral: ipsilateral

31
Q

During lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the disc bulges on the _____
side and retracts on the _____ side

A

concave: convex

32
Q

During lateral flexion of the lumbar spine, the articular facets glide apart on the ______ side and approximate on the ______ side.

A

contralateral: ipsilateral

33
Q

Why do we use coupled movements in lumbar manipulative setups?

A
  • lateral flexion limits the amount of rotation induced with side posture adjustments
  • coupling motion helps in the localization of pre-adjustive tension.

Lumbar Manipulation (11 decks)

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