Anatomy and atelectasis

Question 1

What at the accessory muscles of expiration?

Answer 1

Rectus abdominus

External abdominous

Internal abdominus

Transversus abdominus

Internal intercostals

Question 2

What at the accessory muscles of inspiration?

Answer 2

External intercostals

Scalenus

Sternocleinomastoid

Pectoralis major

Trapezius

Question 3

What part of the airway has the greatest amount of airway resistance?

Answer 3

In the bronchi

Question 4

What is the thickness of a type 1 cell?

Answer 4

0.1-0.5 microns

Question 5

What is the normal RAW for a normal patient?

Answer 5

0.6-2.6

Question 6

What is the normal RAW for an intubated patient?

Answer 6

6-13 cmH20/L/sec

Question 7

what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?

3 things

Answer 7

dilates the pupils
causes bronchodilation
increases rate and force of heart

Question 8

which nerves supply primary innervation of the left and right hemi-diaphragms

Answer 8

phrenic

Question 9

what is the primary component of the mucous blanket?

Answer 9

water

Question 10

what is the term for abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural cavity?

Answer 10

pleural effusion

Question 11

how many pulmonary veins empty into the right atrium?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

what type of epithelium composes of 95% of the alveolar surface?

Answer 12

type 1 squamous epithelial

Question 13

what neurotransmitter is released in a parasympathetic response?

Answer 13

ACH

Question 14

how does the total cross section of the tracheal bronchial tree change from the trachea to the respiratory zone?

Answer 14

it increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then increases significantly in the respiratory zone.

Question 15

what blood vessel is most commonly associated with a hemorrhage after a tracheotomy?

Answer 15

innominate artery

Question 16

what is the term for the openings of the walls of the intera-alveloar septa?

Answer 16

pores of kohn

Question 17

what is the function of type 2 cells?

Answer 17

it stores, produces, and releases surfactant.

it can also replace damaged type 1 squamous cells

Question 18

what 4 factors can alter the mucocilary transport?

Answer 18

excessive bronchial secretions
tobacco smoke
hypoxia
air pollution

Question 19

what is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea?

Answer 19

carina

Question 20

which 2 physical findings are commonly associated with post operative atelectsis

Answer 20

tachypnea and late inspiratory crackles

Question 21

what is the primary objective of IPV therapy?

Answer 21

enhance secretion removal

Question 22

what is the primary symptom associated with onset of significant post op atelectasis

Answer 22

dyspnea

Question 23

what therapy is often very effective in treating lobar atelectasis in a post op patient?

Answer 23

a short, vigorous course of chest physical therapy.

Question 24

post op atelectasis risk is increased with obesity by diminishing what?

Answer 24

inspiratory capacity

Question 25

Bronchiectasis causes what?

Answer 25

dilation and scaring of the tissue