Anatomy and atelectasis Flashcards
What at the accessory muscles of expiration?
Rectus abdominus
External abdominous
Internal abdominus
Transversus abdominus
Internal intercostals
What at the accessory muscles of inspiration?
External intercostals
Scalenus
Sternocleinomastoid
Pectoralis major
Trapezius
What part of the airway has the greatest amount of airway resistance?
In the bronchi
What is the thickness of a type 1 cell?
0.1-0.5 microns
What is the normal RAW for a normal patient?
0.6-2.6
What is the normal RAW for an intubated patient?
6-13 cmH20/L/sec
what effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the body?
3 things
dilates the pupils
causes bronchodilation
increases rate and force of heart
which nerves supply primary innervation of the left and right hemi-diaphragms
phrenic
what is the primary component of the mucous blanket?
water
what is the term for abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural cavity?
pleural effusion
how many pulmonary veins empty into the right atrium?
4
what type of epithelium composes of 95% of the alveolar surface?
type 1 squamous epithelial
what neurotransmitter is released in a parasympathetic response?
ACH
how does the total cross section of the tracheal bronchial tree change from the trachea to the respiratory zone?
it increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then increases significantly in the respiratory zone.
what blood vessel is most commonly associated with a hemorrhage after a tracheotomy?
innominate artery
what is the term for the openings of the walls of the intera-alveloar septa?
pores of kohn
what is the function of type 2 cells?
it stores, produces, and releases surfactant.
it can also replace damaged type 1 squamous cells
what 4 factors can alter the mucocilary transport?
excessive bronchial secretions
tobacco smoke
hypoxia
air pollution
what is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea?
carina
which 2 physical findings are commonly associated with post operative atelectsis
tachypnea and late inspiratory crackles
what is the primary objective of IPV therapy?
enhance secretion removal
what is the primary symptom associated with onset of significant post op atelectasis
dyspnea
what therapy is often very effective in treating lobar atelectasis in a post op patient?
a short, vigorous course of chest physical therapy.
post op atelectasis risk is increased with obesity by diminishing what?
inspiratory capacity
Bronchiectasis causes what?
dilation and scaring of the tissue
