Anatomy

Question 1

three parts of small intestine

Answer 1

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 2

3 modifications of small intestine that increase SA

Answer 2

• plicae circularis (folds) - force the chyme to spiral through lumen slowed
• villi (contain blood cap and lateal)
• microvilli (on apical surface of absorptive cells)

Question 3

which parts of duodenum are retroperitoneal

Answer 3

part 1 intra

parts 2-4 retro

Question 4

which artery is at risk with posterior ulcers of 1st part of duodenum

Answer 4

gastroduodenal

Question 5

which part of duodenum derived from foregut

Answer 5

up to ampulla of vater supplied by branches of common hepatic

rest is derived from midgut (supplied by inferior pancreaticoduodenal)

Question 6

nerve supply to duodenum

Answer 6

sympathetic: greater splanchnic nerves (T5-9)

parasympathetic from vagus via coeliac and superior mesenteric plexuses

Question 7

jejunum lies where in abdo

Answer 7

upper left

Question 8

ileum features (5)

Answer 8

narrow
fewer plicae circularis
many peyer’s patches (lymphoid clumps)

many arcades
short vasa recta

Question 9

what is the function of the ileocaecal valve

Answer 9

limit the reflux of colonic contents into ileum and control flow of ileal contents into caecum

Question 10

SMA arises from where

supplies what

branches are what

Answer 10

aorta at lower border of L1

supplies midgut (from ampulla of vater) to 2/3rds alongt ransverse colon

jejunal, ileal, ileocolic

Question 11

jejunum features (5)

Answer 11

wide
many plicae circularis
few peyer’s patches

one or two arterial arcades
long vasa recta

Question 12

how does lymph drain from the jejunum/ileum

Answer 12

peyer’s patches –> mesenteric nodes –> SM nodes –> intestinal trunk –> cisterna chyli (also receives lacteal)

Question 13

what does the lacteal absorb?

Answer 13

fats and lipids

Question 14

is the large intestine retroperitoneal?

Answer 14

the ascending/descending are

the transverse and sigmoid are intra

Question 15

what are the sacs of colon called

Answer 15

haustra

Question 16

what are the tags of fat called

Answer 16

epiploic/omental appendices

Question 17

where is the caecum

Answer 17

first and widest part of LI

below junction of ileum and LI in RIF

Question 18

most appendices are in what position

Answer 18

retocaecal

Question 19

root of verniform appendix lies where

Answer 19

in McBurney’s point

1/4 of way along oblique line joining R anterior superior iliac spine to umbilicus

Question 20

branches of SMA

Answer 20

inferior pancreaticoduodenal 
middle colic
right colic
ileocolic 
ileal 
jejunal

Question 21

branches of IMA

Answer 21

LEft colic
sigmoid
superior rectal

Question 22

what anatomoses between iIMA and SMA

Answer 22

marginal artery of drummond

Question 23

nerve supply running with:
coeliac trunk to foregut
SMA to midgut
IMA to hindgut

Answer 23

foregut: sym from T5-9 (greater splanchnic) and PSym from vagus

midgut: sym from T10-11 (lesser splanchnic)
PSym frm vagus

hindgut - sym from T12-L3 (least splanchnic and lumbar splancnic)
Psym from S2-4

Question 24

Referred pain from
coeliac trunk
SMA
IMA

Answer 24

coeliac trunk: epigastric region (T7-9)
SMA: periumbilical region (T10-11)
IMA: suprapubic region (T12)