Anatomy

Question 1

2 primary functions of respiratory system

Answer 1

1. Ventilation: mass movement of gas in and out of lungs

2. Gas exchange: transfer of O2 into blood and removal of CO2

Question 2

Lung clearance systems

Answer 2

1. Mucociliary clearance

2. Cough

Question 3

Anatomy of respiratory system

Answer 3

1. URT
2. LRT
3. Pleural cavity
4. Thoracic cage
5. Respiratory muscles

Question 4

URT has

Answer 4

1. Nasal cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx

Question 5

LRT has

Answer 5

1. Conducting part

2. Gaseous exchange part

Question 6

Function of conducting part of LRT

Answer 6

1. Conducts air into gaseous exchange parts of lungs

2. Traps particles 1-5um via sedimentation via MCC

Question 7

Airway lining of LRT

Answer 7

1. Central airways - mucus layer, ciliated epithelium, goblet cells, submucosal glands
2. Peripheral airways - less cilia, Clara cells

Question 8

Function of gaseous exchange part of LRT

Answer 8

Gas exchange between O2 and CO2 occurs via diffusion in alveoli that are both ventilated and perfused

Question 9

Right lung lobes are

Answer 9

UL, ML, LL

Question 10

Left lobes are

Answer 10

UL and LL

Question 11

Left lung fissure are

Answer 11

Oblique fissure

Question 12

Right lung fissures are

Answer 12

Horizontal and oblique fissure

Question 13

The pleura are what type of membrane

Answer 13

Serous

Question 14

The 2 pleuras are

Answer 14

1. Visceral pleura

2. Parietal pleura

Question 15

Visceral pleura attaches to the

Answer 15

Lungs

Question 16

Parietal pleura attaches to the

Answer 16

Chest wall

Question 17

Purpose of parietal pleura is to

Answer 17

Provide lubrication to reduce friction during breathing

Question 18

Negative intrapleural pressure is a combination of

Answer 18

1. Lungs are elastic and want to recoil inwards

2. Chest wall wants to expand outwards

Question 19

True ribs attach to

Answer 19

T1-T7

Question 20

Surface anatomy of apex of lungs (anterior and posterior)

Answer 20

Anterior: 2.5cm above clavicle
Posterior: C7

Question 21

Surface anatomy of base of lungs (anterior and posterior)

Answer 21

Anterior: anteriorly to rib 6 (and laterally to rib 8)
Posterior: T10

Question 22

Surface anatomy of horizontal fissure of lungs (anterior and posterior)

Answer 22

Anterior: above 4th rib
Posterior: T3/4

Question 23

Primary respiratory muscles

Answer 23

1. Diaphragm
2. Scalenes
3. External intercostals

Question 24

Other inspiratory muscles

Answer 24

1. Parasternal intercostals

2. External intercostals

Question 25

Accessory respiratory muscles for inspiration

Answer 25

1. SCM
2. UFT
3. Pec major and minor
4. Serratus anterior
5. Thoracic extensors

Question 26

Accessory respiratory muscles for expiration

Answer 26

1. Abdominals

2. Internal intercostals