Anatomy Flashcards
The sinus venous consists of both a right and left horn. The sinus venous will eventually form the ?
IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus and the posterior wall of the atria
The opening in the septum secundum is called the ?
Foramen ovale
The amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute (Stroke volume x HR)
Cardiac output
Cardiac output adjusted by body surface area. Normal values range between 2.4 lpm/m2 to 4.2 lpm/m2. (Cardiac output/ body surface area=)
Cardiac index
The amount of blood ejected out of the heart per beat. Normal values are between 70cc-100cc. (Cross sectional area x Velocity time intergral) CSA x VTI
Stroke volume
The coronary arteries perfuse the ventricular myocardium. They provide oxygenated blood to other structures o the heart such as the :
Atria and SA, AV nodes
The left coronary artery arises from the aortic root and gives rise to the:
LAD, left circumflex artery
The left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery provide oxygenated blood to the:
Anterior, anteroseptal, anterolateral and inferolateral aspect of the heart.
The right coronary artery arises from the aortic root and provides oxygenated blood flow to the:
Right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the right ventricle
Right coronary artery branches into:
Posterior descending artery (80%) and acute marginal artery
The posterior descending artery provides blood flow to the ?
Inferior surface of the heart.
Th pulmonary artery arises from the ?
Right ventricle
The pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood to the ?
Lungs for oxygenation
Pulmonary circulation consist of:
Right ventricle
Main and branch pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic circulation consist of:
Left ventricle Aorta Systemic capillaries Systemic venules and veins Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
The law that states the greater the stretch of the myocardial fibers (preload) the stronger the contraction.
Frank Starlings Law
The volume in the ventricles at end diastole
Pre load
Factors affecting preload include :
Aortic or pulmonary valve insufficiency Mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation Ventricular septal defects Fluid overload Dilated cardiomyopathy
The resistance the ventricle face upon ejection:
Afterload
Interventricular pressure and the resulting tension the myocardium must generate to overcome the resistance or pressure within the ventricle.
Afterload
Factors affecting afterload include:
Aortic or pulmonary valve stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
Renal arterial stenosis
Systemic hypertension
Increased afterload can cause:
Ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged and sustained increased afterload will result in ventricular failure
The heart beating and maintaining rhythm without the assistance of the nervous system is known as?
Automaticity
