Anatomy

Question 1

The sinus venous consists of both a right and left horn. The sinus venous will eventually form the ?

Answer 1

IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus and the posterior wall of the atria

Question 2

The opening in the septum secundum is called the ?

Answer 2

Foramen ovale

Question 3

The amount of blood ejected by the heart per minute (Stroke volume x HR)

Answer 3

Cardiac output

Question 4

Cardiac output adjusted by body surface area. Normal values range between 2.4 lpm/m2 to 4.2 lpm/m2. (Cardiac output/ body surface area=)

Answer 4

Cardiac index

Question 5

The amount of blood ejected out of the heart per beat. Normal values are between 70cc-100cc. (Cross sectional area x Velocity time intergral) CSA x VTI

Answer 5

Stroke volume

Question 6

The coronary arteries perfuse the ventricular myocardium. They provide oxygenated blood to other structures o the heart such as the :

Answer 6

Atria and SA, AV nodes

Question 7

The left coronary artery arises from the aortic root and gives rise to the:

Answer 7

LAD, left circumflex artery

Question 8

The left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery provide oxygenated blood to the:

Answer 8

Anterior, anteroseptal, anterolateral and inferolateral aspect of the heart.

Question 9

The right coronary artery arises from the aortic root and provides oxygenated blood flow to the:

Answer 9

Right atrium, sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the right ventricle

Question 10

Right coronary artery branches into:

Answer 10

Posterior descending artery (80%) and acute marginal artery

Question 11

The posterior descending artery provides blood flow to the ?

Answer 11

Inferior surface of the heart.

Question 12

Th pulmonary artery arises from the ?

Answer 12

Right ventricle

Question 13

The pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood to the ?

Answer 13

Lungs for oxygenation

Question 14

Pulmonary circulation consist of:

Answer 14

Right ventricle
Main and branch pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary veins

Question 15

Systemic circulation consist of:

Answer 15

Left ventricle
Aorta
Systemic capillaries
Systemic venules and veins
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

Question 16

The law that states the greater the stretch of the myocardial fibers (preload) the stronger the contraction.

Answer 16

Frank Starlings Law

Question 17

The volume in the ventricles at end diastole

Answer 17

Pre load

Question 18

Factors affecting preload include :

Answer 18

Aortic or pulmonary valve insufficiency 
Mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation
Ventricular septal defects
Fluid overload
Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 19

The resistance the ventricle face upon ejection:

Answer 19

Afterload

Question 20

Interventricular pressure and the resulting tension the myocardium must generate to overcome the resistance or pressure within the ventricle.

Answer 20

Afterload

Question 21

Factors affecting afterload include:

Answer 21

Aortic or pulmonary valve stenosis
Coarctation of the aorta
Renal arterial stenosis
Systemic hypertension

Question 22

Increased afterload can cause:

Answer 22

Ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged and sustained increased afterload will result in ventricular failure

Question 23

The heart beating and maintaining rhythm without the assistance of the nervous system is known as?

Answer 23

Automaticity