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B4W3 > ANATOMY > Flashcards

ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 layers of the scalp from superficial to deep?

A 
skin
dense connective tissue
epicranial aponeurosis
loose areolar connective tissue
periosteum
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2
Q

what are 2 features of the skin?

A

contains numerous hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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3
Q

what is the function of epicranial aponeurosis?

A

a tendon-like structure that connects the occipitals to the frontal muscle

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4
Q

what is periosteum?

A

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones (not at joint surfaces)

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5
Q

describe the arterial supply of the scalp?

A

the ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid artery) and 3 branches of the external carotid artery: superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital branches

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6
Q

where does the superficial temporal artery supply blood to?

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

where doea the posterior auricular artery supply blood to?

A

the areas superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle

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8
Q

where does the occipital artery supply blood to?

A

the back of the scalp

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9
Q

which arteries supply the head and neck with blood?

A

common carotid and branches of the subclavian artery

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10
Q

where does the cranial cavity and the brain receive blood from?

A

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

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11
Q

where does the face and upper neck receive blood from

A

the external carotid arteries

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12
Q

where do all the veins of the head and neck drain in to?

A

internal jugular vein

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13
Q

what is enclosed within the carotid sheath?

A

common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve

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14
Q

where can you see the hypoglossal nerve?

A

crossing lateral to the external carotid artery towards the tongue

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15
Q

describe the branches of the external carotid artery from bottom to top?

A 
superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
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16
Q

where are the muscles of facial expression derived from embryologically?

A

from the second pharyngeal arch

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17
Q

what is the nerve for facial expression?

A

facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)

18
Q

how are the facial muscles divided up?

A

into orbit, nose and mouth muscles

19
Q

what are facial muscles called?

A

craniofacial muscles

20
Q

what is a sphincter muscle?

A

a muscle that appears circular

21
Q

what is a dilator muscle?

A

a muscle that widens a body part

22
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis ocoli? what type of muscle is it?

A

the muscle that closes the eye lid

its a sphincter muscle

23
Q

what is the function of the elevator palpebrae superioris?

what type of muscle is it?

A

the muscle in the orbit which elevates the superior eyelid.

an elevator

24
Q

what is the occipitofrontalis?

what is its function?

A

a long and wide muscle spanning from the eyebrows to the occipital bone. it elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

25
Q

what is the compressor naris function? what type of muscle is it?

A

to compress nasal cartilage, depress the tip of the nose and elevate the nostril corners
a sphincter muscle

26
Q

what is the function of the dilator naris (levator labi superioris alaeque nasi)?

A

it dilates the nostrils

27
Q

what is the function of levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

A

to dilate the nostrils and elevate the upper lip

28
Q

what is the function of the depressor septi?

A

it is an antagonist to the other muscles of the nose as it draws the ala of the nose downwards, constricting the opening of the nose

29
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis oris? what type of muscle is this?

A

allows puckering and closure of lips

a sphincter muscle

30
Q

what is the function of the levator labi superioris?

A

elevates the upper lip

31
Q

what is the function of the levator anguli oris?

A

elevates the angles of the mouth (smiling)

32
Q

what is the function of the zgomaticus major?

A

draws the angles of the mouth superiorly and posteriorly (smiling)

33
Q

what is the function of the zygomaticus minor?

A

draws the upper lip backwards, upwards and outwards (smiling)

34
Q

what is the function of the risorius?

A

pulls the corner of the mouth laterally (smiling or frowning)

35
Q

what is the function of the depressor anguli oris?

A

pulls down the edges of the lips (frowning)

36
Q

what is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

helps to lower the bottom lip

37
Q

what is the function of the buccinator?

A

holds the cheek to the teeth and assist with chewing

38
Q

what is the function of the mentalis?

A

allows protrusion of lower lip and elevates the skin of the chin

39
Q

where is the infra temporal fossa?

A

between the ramus of the mandible, the lateral plate of the pterygoid process and just posterior to the maxilla.

40
Q

what can be found in the infra temporal fossa?

A

inferior alveolar and lingual nerves
maxillary artery
lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

B4W3 (7 decks)

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