ANATOMY Flashcards
what are the 5 layers of the scalp from superficial to deep?
skin dense connective tissue epicranial aponeurosis loose areolar connective tissue periosteum
what are 2 features of the skin?
contains numerous hair follicles and sebaceous glands
what is the function of epicranial aponeurosis?
a tendon-like structure that connects the occipitals to the frontal muscle
what is periosteum?
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones (not at joint surfaces)
describe the arterial supply of the scalp?
the ophthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid artery) and 3 branches of the external carotid artery: superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital branches
where does the superficial temporal artery supply blood to?
frontal and temporal lobes
where doea the posterior auricular artery supply blood to?
the areas superiorly and posteriorly to the auricle
where does the occipital artery supply blood to?
the back of the scalp
which arteries supply the head and neck with blood?
common carotid and branches of the subclavian artery
where does the cranial cavity and the brain receive blood from?
internal carotid and vertebral arteries
where does the face and upper neck receive blood from
the external carotid arteries
where do all the veins of the head and neck drain in to?
internal jugular vein
what is enclosed within the carotid sheath?
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
where can you see the hypoglossal nerve?
crossing lateral to the external carotid artery towards the tongue
describe the branches of the external carotid artery from bottom to top?
superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal
where are the muscles of facial expression derived from embryologically?
from the second pharyngeal arch
what is the nerve for facial expression?
facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)
how are the facial muscles divided up?
into orbit, nose and mouth muscles
what are facial muscles called?
craniofacial muscles
what is a sphincter muscle?
a muscle that appears circular
what is a dilator muscle?
a muscle that widens a body part
what is the function of the orbicularis ocoli? what type of muscle is it?
the muscle that closes the eye lid
its a sphincter muscle
what is the function of the elevator palpebrae superioris?
what type of muscle is it?
the muscle in the orbit which elevates the superior eyelid.
an elevator
what is the occipitofrontalis?
what is its function?
a long and wide muscle spanning from the eyebrows to the occipital bone. it elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead
