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Eye 👁 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the eyeball

A

Outside in

  1. Fibrous coat/outer layer
  2. Vascular coat/middle layer
  3. Nervous coat/inner layer
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2
Q

Segments of the eyeball

A
  1. Anterior segment

2. Posterior segment

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3
Q

Characteristics & Function of Cornea

A
  • Transparent
  • Centrally positioned at the front of the eye
  • Makes up anterior 1/6th of fibrous coat
  • Light refraction
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4
Q

Sclera’s functions

A
  • Provides shape to the eye

- Provides attachment to extraocular muscles

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5
Q

Components of fibrous coat

A
  • Sclera

- Cornea

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6
Q

Junction where sclera ends and cornea begins

A

Limbus

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7
Q

Components of vascular coat

A

Anterior -> Posterior

  • Iris
  • Ciliary body
  • Choroid
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8
Q

Function of fibrous coat

A

Protects intraocular contents

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9
Q

Function of vascular coat

A

Supplies nutrition to various structures of the eyeball (Cornea and lens are avascular)

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10
Q

Describe sclera

A
  • White part of the eye
  • Makes up posterior 5/6th of the fibrous coat
  • Several vessels penetrate through the sclera including the optic nerve
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11
Q

Another name for vascular coat

A

Uvea

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12
Q

What is choroid?

A

A layer of connective tissue and blood vessels

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13
Q

Function of choroid

A

Provides nourishment to the outer layer of the retina

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14
Q

Parts of the ciliary body

A
  1. Ciliary muscle

2. Ciliary processes

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15
Q

What is ciliary muscle made of?

A

A collection of smooth muscle fibres arranged in 3 orientation (radial, circular, longitudinal)

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16
Q

Briefly explain the role of ciliary muscle in accommodation reflex

A

Accommodation reflex : adjusting lens for near vision

Ciliary muscle contracts -> Circular ciliary body reduces in size -> Zonnular fibres/suspensory ligament of lens slack -> Lens become more rounded

17
Q

What are ciliary processes?

Function?

A

Ciliary processes project from the surface of the ciliary body

Attach the lens to the ciliary body via zonnular fibres/suspensory ligament of lens

18
Q

What is iris?

A
  • Circular structure with an aperture in the center called the pupil
  • Gives the eye colour as iris is strongly pigmented
19
Q

Function of iris

A
  • give the iris colour

- has a two fiber arrangement which help control the pupil size

20
Q

Explain the layers of fibres in the iris

A
  1. Circular fibres give rise to sphincter pupillae
    - Under parasympathetic control -> miosis
  2. Radial fibres give rise to dilator pupillae
    - Under sympathetic control -> mydriasis
21
Q

Name the layers of the nervous coat

A

2 cellular layers

  • neural
  • pigmented
22
Q

Location of pigment cell layer of retina

A
  • Beneath the neural layer

- Attached to the choroid layer

23
Q

What is optic disc?

A
  • Optic nerve head
  • Retinal ganglion cell axons exit the eye to become optic nerve
  • Site of entry of central retinal artery into the retina
  • Blind spot (no light detecting cells)
24
Q

Name the two chambers of the anterior segment

A
  • Anterior chamber

- Posterior chamber

25
Q

Boundary of anterior segment

A

Cornea -> Lens (included)

26
Q

Boundary of posterior segment

A

Lens -> Retina

27
Q

Boundary of anterior chamber

A
  • Anterior boundary : Back of cornea

- Posterior boundary : Anterior surface of iris and part of ciliary body

28
Q

Depth of anterior chamber in hypermetropes and myopes

A

Hypermetropes : Slightly shallower than normal
Myopes : Deeper than normal
Almost equal in both eyes of the same individual in any case

29
Q

Secretion of aqueous humour

A

By ciliary body in the posterior chamber

30
Q

Function of aqueous humour

A
  • Nourishes and protects the eye (cornea and lens are avascular)
31
Q

Boundaries of posterior chamber

A

Anterior boundary - posterior of surface of iris and part of ciliary body
Posterior boundary - crystalline lens
Lateral body - ciliary body

Eye 👁 (2 decks)

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