Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

neuro rotation > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

T1W brain MRI

A

CSF dark
white matter white
grey matter grey
gandolinium BRIGHT

good view of anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T2W

A

CSF bright
inflammation or injury bright
white and grey matter SWAPPED

good to look at inflammation and injury, but not the best since CSF is also bright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T2W Flair

A

T2W but CSF is blacked out making it SUPER easy to see pathology (strokes, inflammation, white matter disease) - this is the go to!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DWI

A

STROKE view, will be BRIGHT; pair with ADC image, will make acute stroke lesion dark - if bright in both then it is a chronic process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T2 series

A

microhemorrhages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dural sinus thrombosis

A

essentially DVT surrounding the brain; evaluate with venography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CTA

A

arteries of head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

limitation of CTA

A

pt with poor renal function GFR < 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how long for ischemic stroke to be visualized in CT

A

up to 6 hrs; best used to evaluate hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

subdural hemorrhage

bridging veins

A

old patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

epidural hemorrhage
middle meningeal artery
risk of herniation
surgical drainage

A

skull fracture/trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what makes an enhanced CT?

A

Is there contrast in the blood vessels?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which structure on MRI can you look to determine type?

A

Corpus collosum - should be white; cortex should be grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

achilles reflex

A

S1 + tibial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

patellar reflex

A

L2,3,4 + femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

brachioradialis reflex

A

C5,6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

biceps reflex

A

C 5,6 + musculocutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

triceps reflex

A

C 6,7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

finger jerk

A

C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pectoral reflex

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

medial hamstring reflex

A

L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome is impingement of this nerve

A

median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

shoulder abduction

A

C5 + axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

elbow flexion

A

C5,6 + musculocutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

elbow extension

A

C6,7 + triceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

wrist extension

A

C6,7 + radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

finger extension

A

C7,8 + radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

wrist flexor/pronato

A

C6,7 + medial/ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

distal thumb flexors

A

C8 + median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

finger abduction

A

C8,T1 + ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hip flexion

A

L1,2 + femoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

hip abduction

A

L5 + superior gluteal

33
Q

hip adduction

A

L2,3,4 + obturator

34
Q

knee extension

A

L2,3,4 + femoral

35
Q

knee flexion

A

L5, S1 + sciatic

36
Q

ankle dorsiflexion

A

L4,5 + deep fibular

37
Q

plantar flexion

A

S1,2 + tibial

38
Q

toe extension

A

L5 + deep fibular

39
Q

ankle inversion

A

L5 + tibial

40
Q

NMJ disease, automimmune, CXR to evaluate thymus, attack of ACh receptor, fatigable weakness - diplopia and ptosis, scary risk of breathing issues, worsened by many abx

A

Myasthenia Gravis

41
Q

dysfunctional peripheral nerve myelin; weakness, atrophy and sensory loss; foot deformity

A

CMT; type 1A is common AD type w/ loss of intrinsic hand and foot muscles

42
Q

sporadic myopathy, weakness, elevated CK, muscle tenderness and atrophy, dx with muscle biopsy and EMG

A

inclusion body myositis (if rash, would need to rule out dermatomyositis)

43
Q

immune mediated inflammation, peripheral nerve myelin of spinal nerve roots, recent GI or respiratory infx, ascending weakness, tx with IVIG and plasma exchange, CSF with cytoalbuminologic dissociation, EMG/NCS 2wks following

A

Guillan Barre

44
Q

fatigue, focal onset weakness, muscle wasting, brisk reflexes, fasiculations that progress over time; UMN and LMN, EMG/NCS critical to dx, Riluzole to delay symptoms + symptom mgmt

A

ALS

45
Q

progressive muscle weakness, X-linked genetic conditions, dysfunction in muscle protein leading to breakdown and replacement by fatty tissue, elevated CK, cardiomyopathy, prednisone delays progression

A

muscular dystrophy; Duchenne develops YOUNG, whereas Becker can present later and progress slower

46
Q

initial labs for peripheral neuropathy

A

B12, A1C, Thyroid function, serum electrophoresis + immunofixation, ESR

47
Q

causes to consider if rapid onset of neuropathy, 1 month or less

A

toxin/drug, GBS, infection, vasculitis, prophyria

48
Q

rx to lessen neuropathy

A

tricyclics (amitryptaline), venlafaxine/duloxetine, gabapentin/pregabalin, topical lidocaine/capsaicin, carbamazepime

49
Q

pernicious anemia and nitrous oxide are common causes of _____ deficiency

A

B12

50
Q

B12 deficiency leads to high levels of ____

A

Methylmalonic acid (MMA) - toxic to nerves

51
Q

low B12/high MMA causes

A

peripheral neuropathy + degeneration of dorsal colums ( ataxia, proprioceptive loss) + corticospinal tract degeneration ( weakness)

52
Q

corticospinal tract

A

motor

53
Q

ventral horn

A

motor tracts

54
Q

sudden onset right hemiplegia and aphasia

A

left cerebral hemspheric infarction

55
Q

papilledema and subacute onset amenhorrhea and bitemporal hemianopia

A

pituitary tumor

56
Q

weakness of right abductor pollicis brevis and numbers of the first 3 1/2 digits of hand

A

median neuropathy/CTS

57
Q

progressive diffuse weakness, atrophy, fasciulation, spasticity + loss of anterior horn cells and degeneration of corticospinal tracts

A

ALS

58
Q

progressive loss of virbation and propriocipeton in B12 deficiency is due to syfunction in

A

posterior colum

59
Q

delirium, mydriasis, hypertension, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation

A

atropine overdose, blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors

60
Q

these sx are due to damage where?

CN deficits, imparied LOC, crossed or bilateral mortor or sensory deficits

A

brainstem

61
Q

lesion here would cause ataxia, tremor, nystagmus

A

cerebellum

62
Q

lesion here would cause LOC or memory disturbances, hemisensory loss and/or pain, hemiataxia, neglect or aphasia

A

thalamus

63
Q

lesion here would cause chorea, athetosis, dystonia, tremor, rigidity

A

basal ganglia

64
Q

symptmos of enecephalopathy (cerebral cortex)

A

hemilgeia and/or hemisensory loss, apphasia, neglect, hemianpia, dementia, seziure

65
Q

if patient has apahasia, where can you locate the lesion

A

dominant hemisphere (left for 95% of people)

66
Q

where is fascial nerve nucleus located

A

pons

67
Q

if patient has upper and lower fascial weakness, where could lesion sbe

A

pontinue or peripheral nerve

68
Q

these two CN pass through cerebelloponinte anlge which could be compromised by a tumor

A

VII and VIII

69
Q

weakness, twitching and cramping are the most common symptoms of this motor neuron disease

A

ALS

70
Q

motor neuron diseases that affect LMN older

A

spinal muscular atrophy, spinobulbar muscular atrophy, viral (polio, HIV, westnile), rare paraneoplastic syndromes

71
Q

motor neuron disease affecting mixed LMN and UMN

A

ALS

72
Q

motor neuron disease that affects UMN only

A

primary lateral sclerosis

73
Q

ALS Crorf72 can also have

A

frontotemporal dementia

74
Q

difficulty swallowing due to neuromuscular etiology likely to present as difficulty swallowing _____

A

liquids

75
Q

if mechanical cause of swallowing, will have difficulty with ____

A

solids

76
Q

dementia associated with ALS

A

frontotemporal dementia

77
Q

3 sites of pathology in ALSO

A

loss of anterior horn cells, degeneration of corticospinal tract, loss of betz cells in the cortex

78
Q

OTC migraine sx tx

A

naproxen, excedrin, advil

79
Q

DHE is what type of abortive migraine tx

A

ergotamine

neuro rotation (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions