Anatomy Flashcards
Which structure divides the greater and lesser sciatic notches?
Sacrspinous ligament which attaches to the ischial spine
Structures passing through the greater sciatic notch
- Piriformis muscle
- Sciatic nerve
- Inferior gluteal nerve and artery
- Internal pudendal nerve, artery and vein
- Nerve to obturator internus muscle
- Nerve to quadratus femoris
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Structures passing through the lesser sciatic notch
- Tendon of obturator internus
- Nerve to obturator internus
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal artery
5 sites of potential ulnar nerve compression
- Arcade of Struthers
- Medial intermuscular septum
- Medial epicondyle
- Cubital tunnel
- Deep flexor pronator aponeurosis
Medial meniscus
- Slightly asymmetrical C-shaped structure
- Larger posterior than anterior horn
- Firmly attached to the periphery via the deep MCL –> relatively immobile
- Larger posterior third comes under most load in deep flexion
Lateral meniscus
- More symmetrical
- Forms almost a complete circle shape
- Less firmly attached –> more mobile
Drrp laceration to brachioradialis muscle might injure which nerve?
Superficial radial nerve, which runs beneath brachioradialis muscle
Injury would result in sensory deficits only
PIN posterior interosseous nerve
Passes between the two heads of the supinator and then travels on the dorsal aspect of the interosseous membrane
Injury would result in loss of finger extension and partial loss of wrist extension
3 fascial layers of the neck
- Superficial fascia
- Pretracheal fascia
- Prevertebral fascia
What lies on longus colli muscle lateral to vertebral body C6?
Sympathetic chain
Injury horner’s syndrome
anhydrosus, miosis (caused by injury to long ciliar nerve to pupil dilator), ptosis (drooping eyelid caused by injury to nerve to Muller’s muscle), enopthalmos and loss of ciliospinal reflex on the affected side
Saphenous vein
Passes behind the posterior border of the medial epicondyle
Tibial eminence
Tibial attachment site of the ACL
Gerdy’s tubercle
Lateral condyle of the proximal tibia (located anterolaterally)
Where the IT band and anterior tibialis muscle insert
Weakest link in the pelvic ring
Symphysis
contributes only 15% of intrinsic pelvic stability
Pelvic outlet view
Angeled 25-45° cephalad
Depicts the
SI joints
Vertical fractures of the sacrum
Extension of the fractures into the neural foramina
Cranial or caudad displacement of fracture fragments
Pelvic inlet view
AP view angeled 30-60° caudad
Evaluation of
Sacral Arcuate lines
AP displacement or internal rotation of fracture fragments
Alignment of the pubic symphysis
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Strongest ligaments in the body
More important than anterior structures for pelvic ring stability
Common iliac system begins
Near L4 at bifurcation of abdominal aorta
Imternal iliac artery
Divea posteriorly near SI joint and divides in the posterior division (giving of superior gluteal artery) anterior division (becoming obturator artery)
Superior gluteal artery and nerve
Leaves pelvis through the greater sciatic notch
Runs over piriformis between the gluteus medius and minimus
At risk during the lateral (Hardinge) and posterior (Moore or Southern) approach to the hip
Hip posterior approach (Moore or Southern)
No internervous plane
Intermuscular plane
Split gluteus maximus
Vascular plane
Superior gluteal artery supplies prox 1/3 of muscle
Inferior gluteal artery supplies distal 2/3 of muscle
Line of fat on surface of gluteus maximus marks interval
Medial femoral circumflex artery and first perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery anastomose where
Medial to the gluteus maximus insertion
! At risk during posterior hip approach
Tibia postero lateral approach
Exposure to middle 2/3 of the tibia
Internervous plane between Tibial nerve (posterior compartment) Gastrocnemius Soleus Flexor hallucis longus
Superficial peroneal nerve (lateral compartment)
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Deep peroneal nerve supplies motor innovation to
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus tertius
Content of the anterior compartment of the lower leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus tertius
Anterior tibial artery and vein
Deep peroneal nerve
Content of the Lateral compartment lower leg
Peroneus longus muscle
Peroneus brevis muscle
Superficial fibular nerve
Content of the superficial posterior compartment
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris tendon
Content of the deep posterior compartment
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus
Posterior tibial artery and veins
Tibial nerve
Peroneal artery and veins
