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Erin Y2 - Ophthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What 7 bones make up the orbit?

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Palatine
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2
Q

What are the 5 bony feature of the orbit?

A 
Orbital plates
Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Supraorbital notch/foramen (branch of CNV1)
Infraorbital foramen (branch CNV2)
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3
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)
CNIV (trochlea)
CNV1 (trigeminal, ophthalamic)
CNVI (abducens)

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4
Q

What muscle makes up the external part of the eyelid?

A

orbicularis oculi

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Orbital (tight closure)

Palpebral (gentle closure)

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6
Q

What nerve controls the orbicularis oculi?

A

CNVII (facial)

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7
Q

What 6 connective tissues make up the deeper part of the eyelid?

A 
Tendon of levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsus
Inferior tarsus
Medial palpebral ligament
Lateral palpebral ligament
Orbital septum
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8
Q

What is the function of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Elevates the upper eyelid

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9
Q

What muscle (adjoined to the levator palpebrae superioris) allows for extra widening of the eye?

A

Superior tarsus muscle (Mueller’s muscle)

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10
Q

What gland is responsible for lipid secretion that lines the eyelids?

A

Tarsal glands/Meibomian glands

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11
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

Superior-laterally to the orbit

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12
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic secretomotor innervation to the lacrimal gland?

A

CNVII (facial)

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13
Q

Name the 7 extraocular muscles?

A 
Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Lateral rectus
Superior oblique
Inferior oblique
Levator palpebrae superioris
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14
Q

What is the trochlear?

A

A loop of connective tissue

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15
Q

What is the innervation of superior rectus?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)

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16
Q

What is the innervation of inferior rectus?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)

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17
Q

What is the innervation of medial rectus?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)

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18
Q

What is the innervation of lateral rectus?

A

CNVI (abducens)

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19
Q

What is the innervation of superior oblique?

A

CNIV (trochlear)

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20
Q

What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CNIII (oculomotor)

21
Q

What is the origin of and insertion of the 4 rectus muscles?

A

Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: sclera

22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior oblique?

A

Origin: sphenoid bone
Insertion: sclera

23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique?

A

Origin: orbital plate of maxilla
Insertion: sclera

24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Origin: lesser wing of sphenoid
Insertion: skin and tarus of superior eyelid

25
Q

What is the function of superior rectus?

A

Elevates, adducts and medially rotates the eyeball

26
Q

What is the function of inferior rectus?

A

Depresses, adducts and laterally rotates the eyeball

27
Q

What is the function of medial rectus?

A

Adducts eyeball

28
Q

What is the function of lateral rectus?

A

Abducts the eyeball

29
Q

What is the function of superior oblique?

A

Depresses, abducts and medially rotates eyeball

30
Q

What is the function of inferior oblique?

A

Elevates, abducts and laterally rotates eyeball

31
Q

How do you examine superior rectus?

A

Look laterally and up

when in abduction SR can only elevate

32
Q

How do you examine inferior rectus?

A

Look laterally and down

when in abduction IR can only depress

33
Q

How do you examine medial rectus?

A

Look medially

34
Q

How do you examine lateral rectus?

A

Look laterally

35
Q

How do you examine superior oblique?

A

Look medially and down

when in adduction can only depress

36
Q

How do you examine inferior oblique?

A

Look medially and up

when in adduction can only elevate

37
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eye?

A

Fibrous
Uvea
Retina

38
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

39
Q

What makes up the uvea?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

40
Q

What are the functions of the ciliary body?

A

Controls iris
Controls the shape of the lens
Controls the secretion of aqueous humour

41
Q

What is a feature of the choroid?

A

Highly vascular

42
Q

What is a feature of the retina?

A

Photosensitive

43
Q

What is the anterior segment made up of?

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

44
Q

Where is the anterior segment located?

A

In front of the lens

45
Q

Where is the anterior chamber located?

A

Between the cornea and iris

46
Q

Where is the posterior chamber located?

A

Between the iris and the suspensory ligaments

47
Q

Where is the posterior segment and what does it contain?

A

Behind the lens

Vitreous humour

48
Q

What are the steps in aqueous humour circulation?

A
  1. Ciliary body secretes AH into the posterior chamber
  2. AH circulates within PC and nourishes the lens
  3. AH passes through the pupil into the AC and nourishes the cornea
  4. AH is reabsorbed/drained into the canal of Schlemm at the iridocorneal angle
49
Q

Balance between secretion and drainage of _____ is important in maintaining ____ pressure

A

Aqueous humour

Intraocular pressure

Erin Y2 - Ophthalmology (2 decks)

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