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ABA ITE > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What landmark is used to determine the proper location for a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block? When might this block be indicated?

A
  1. ASIS

2. Skin grafting to this area of the thigh, or muscle biopsies in children

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2
Q

Which block (infraclavicular or supraclavicular) poses the greatest risk for PTX when using an ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS approach?

A

Supraclavicular

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3
Q

What is the most common complication of a Supraclavicular nerve block? What is the most serious complication?

A
  1. Most common: phrenic nerve block

2. Most serious: PTX

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4
Q

Describe the differences between a pediatric airway and an adult airway:

A
  1. Larynx is at C3-C4 instead of C4-C5
  2. Epiglottis is omega or “u” shaped, it is narrow and curved as opposed to a flat and large epiglottis
  3. The tongue of an infant is larger
  4. The vocal cords are more anterior
  5. The narrowest area of the airway in a kid is the cricoid cartilage
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5
Q

What muscle is targeted in the jaw lift maneuver?

A

The genioglossus muscle

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6
Q

Where does the great spinal artery, or artery of adamciewicz come off of? What would transection of this artery present like in a patient?

A
  1. T9-T12
  2. Bilateral LE paralysis and bladder/bowel dysfunction. Sensation and proprioception would be spared because there are TWO posterior spinal arteries, compared to just ONE anteriorly
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7
Q

Where can you successfully block the saphenous nerve in an ankle block?

A

ANTERIOR to the MEDIAL malleolus

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8
Q

At what omniplane can you obtain the ME two chamber view vs. the ME commissural view?

A
  1. ME two chamber is omniplane 90 degrees

2. ME commissural view is omniplane 60 degrees

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9
Q

How do you identify the anterior mitral valve in the ME 4 chamber view, the ME two chamber view (at 90 degrees) and the ME commissural view (at 60 degrees), and the ME LAX view?

A
  1. ME 4 chamber (omniplane 0): anterior mitral valve is closes to the atrial septum
  2. ME 2 chamber view (omniplane 90 degrees): anterior mitral valve is closest to the atrial appendage
  3. ME commissural view (omniplane 60 degrees): anterior mitral valve is flanked by the posterior valves
  4. ME LAX (omniplane 120): anterior mitral valve is closest to the aorta
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10
Q

What are the landmarks for the infragluteal sciatic nerve block? When can this block be used?

A
  1. Landmarks: greater trochanter, ischial tuberosity, and the sciatic groove. The greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity are identified and a line is connecting the two. Another line is drawn perpendicular to and in the middle of that line that extends 3-5 cm. This will give you the sciatic groove, which can be palpated and is the site of injection.
  2. Use this to numb the posterior thigh or all structures at or below the knee
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11
Q

What three nerves run within the axillary sheath? What nerve runs outside of it?

A
  1. Radial (posterior), Median (lateral), ulnar (medial)

2. Musculocutaneous runs outside of the sheath

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12
Q

Which nerve supplies the SENSORY function the epiglottis, arytenoids, aryeepiglottic folds, and the base of the tongue? How can it be identified? When might a block of this nerve be useful?

A
  1. INTERNAL branch of the SUPERIOR laryngeal nerve
  2. It is aterocaudal to the cornu of the hyoid bone (pierces the throhyoid membrane)
  3. This can be blocked when doing an awake fiberoptic intubation
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13
Q

What is on your differential for a one sided epidural block?

A
  1. dural fold connecting the dura to the ligamentum flavum
  2. Not enough local
  3. Insertion of the catheter > 5cm into the epidural space. In this case, pulling the catheter out 1-2 cm will give you a better block
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14
Q

What coronary artery supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle?

A

The RCA

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15
Q

What walls does the RCA supply?

A

The RCA covers

  1. the posterior 1/3 of the inter ventricular septum
  2. The inferior wall of the LV and RV
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16
Q

What walls does the Lcx artery supply?

A

The Lcx supplies:

1. inferolateral wall

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17
Q

What walls does the LAD supply?

A

The LAD supplies the

  1. anterolateral wall
  2. anterior wall
  3. RV anterior wall
  4. anterior 1/3 of the inter ventricular septum
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18
Q

Where do the conus medullaris and dural sac end in adults vs. infants?

A
  1. Adults: Conus ends at L1 and the dural sac ends at S1

2. Kids: conus ends at L3 and the dural sac ends at S3

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19
Q

What muscle does the musculocutaneous nerve course through?

A

Coracobrachialis

20
Q

What nerve supplies the motor function of the tongue and can be damaged with LMA placement?

A

The Hypoglossal nerve

21
Q

What nerve can you anesthetize for awake intubation, by piercing the cricothyroid membrane?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve, which supplies the vocal cords and the trachea

22
Q

What ECG changes do you see with intravascular LA injection?

A

Prolonged QT, prolonged PR, elevated T waves, bradycardia, and arrest

23
Q

What effect does spinal anesthesia have on hearing?

A

It can transiently decrease hearing, esp in F for 1-3 days

24
Q

What effect does spinal anesthesia have on bowel function?

A

Due to the unopposed PS signal, you can get diarrhea and increased gut motility

25
Q

What is the major landmark for blocking the stellate ganglion?

A

The TP of C6

26
Q

Which two nerve fibers mediate nociception? What are there sizes/myelination status? Which is fastest?

A
  1. A-delta and C
  2. A-delta is large and myelinated, C is small and Demyelinated
  3. A-delta is faster than C

*A-delta is the sharp, immediate pain, whereas C is the dull pain

27
Q

Describe the differences in spinous processes seen between the Thoracic and Lumbar vertebrae

A

The Lumbar SP are larger and stick out straight, where as the thoracic SP are smaller and more angulated downward

28
Q

What is the first line treatment for severe hypotension and bradycardia associated with a high spinal blockade?

A
  1. IV epinephrine
29
Q

What artery supplies the AV node?

A

The PDA

30
Q

What structure can be damaged by either R or L insertion of an IJ central venous catheter?

A

The L thoracic duct, it doesn’t matter what side you’re on. Additionally, it will present with dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain

31
Q

What is transient neurological syndrome?

A

TNS is pain that develops 24 hours after an uncomplicated spinal that involves the buttocks, thighs, hips, calves. It goes away on its own in 1-3 days

32
Q

What nerve innervates the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal nerve

33
Q

What should your needle pass through just prior to entering the epidural space when placing a caudal block?

A

The sacrococcygeal ligament

34
Q

What two nerves supply the muscles of the larynx?

A
  1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies all of them EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle, which is supplied by the 2. external laryngeal nerve?
35
Q

What muscles cause adduction fo the vocal cords? What muscle causes ABDuction of the vocal cords?

A
  1. The transverse arytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
  2. posterior circoarytenoid muscles
36
Q

What arteries are the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the anterior cardiac veins associated with?

A
  1. Great cardiac vein => LAD
  2. Middle cardiac vein => PDA
  3. Anterior cardiac veins => RCA

*coronoary sinus dumps into the RA

37
Q

What nerve is blocked if you put a needle into the palatoglossal fold?

A

The glossopharyngeal nerve

38
Q

What is the antidote for Xa inhibitors?

A

Andexanet alpha

39
Q

How does puncture of the globe present following a retrobulbar block? what is the most common serious complication of this block?

A
  1. Painful eye with no increase in IOP

2. Retrobulbar hemorrhage

40
Q

What are the three most important factors that determine spread in a spinal? What about in an epidural?

A
  1. Spinal: baricity (hyperbaric with glucose, hypobaric with water), position, and drug dosage
  2. With an epidural, volume is important
41
Q

what is a common complication of deep cervical plexus block?

A

Hemiparesis of the diaphragm

42
Q

What is the ideal range for nerve stimulation when performing a nerve block?

A

0.3-0.5 mA

43
Q

What is the order of highest to lowest sensitivity of LA absorption?

A

IICEBALLS: IV > Intercostal > Caudal > epidural >brachial plexus > axillary > LLimb > subQ

44
Q

What is the function of the obturator nerve?

A
  1. Sensory: supplies the medial thigh and posterior knee

2. Motor: adductor muscles

45
Q

From lateral to medial, what are the adductor muscles seen on US?

A

ALABAMa:

  1. Adductor longus
  2. Adductor brevis
  3. Adductor magnus

ABA ITE (16 decks)

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