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Cardiovascular > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what 5 structures can be found in the hilum/root of the lung?

A
  • pulmonary artery
  • main bronchus
  • pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary lymphatic vessels and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
  • pulmonary visceral afferents and autonomic motor nerves
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2
Q

where do phrenic nerves in the pericardium?

A

lateral to vagus nerve and anteriorly to the root of the lung

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3
Q

what are the layers of the pericardium? working from outside to inside?

A

Fibrous pericardium
Pariteal serous pericardium
Pericardial Cavity (Sac filled with pericardium fluid)
Visceral serous pericardium

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4
Q

What is the visceral serous pericardium in contact with?

A

The heart/epicardium

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5
Q

what is it called when the pericardial cavity fills with blood?

A

Haemopericardium

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6
Q

What is the condition called when a haemopericardium causes pressure around the heart that prevents cardiac contraction?

A

Cardiac tamponade

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7
Q

what is pericardiocentesis?

A

drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity

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8
Q

how is the needle inserted during pericardiocentesis?

A

via infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly, aspirating continuously

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9
Q

what is the space within the pericardial cavity used to identify and isolate the great vessels in order to commence cardiopulmonary bypass?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

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10
Q

where can the apex beat be palpated?

A

5th left intercostal space midclavicular line (mitral line)

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11
Q

what is the name for cardiac enlargement?

A

cardiomegaly

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12
Q

where do vagus nerves run in the pericardium?

A

medial to the phrenic nerve and run posterior to the root of the lung

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13
Q

what does the SVC bifurcate into?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic vein

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14
Q

what do brachiocephalic veins bifurcate into?

A

one internal jugular vein (up to head) and also a subclavian vein

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15
Q

what is the order of splitting off from aorta

A

coronary artery
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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16
Q

what does the brachiocephalic split off into?

A

right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

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17
Q

where is the coronary artery found and what is special about this place?

A

in the coronary groove

it indicates the surface marking for the boundary between the right atrium and right ventricle

18
Q

what indicates the boundary between the 2 ventricles and where is it found?

A

branch of left coronary artery found in anterior interventricular groove

19
Q

where are coronary arteries found?

A

just deep to the epicardium, usually embedded in adipose tissue (yellow)

20
Q

what do coronary arteries supply?

A

epicardium and myocardium

21
Q

where is the coronary sinus and what is it?

A

In the atrioventricular groove posteriorly

A short venous conduit which receives deoxygenated blood from most of the cardiac veins and drains into the right atrium

22
Q

what is the part of the septum between the atria called?

A

interatrial septum (positioned by the interatrial groove)

23
Q

what is the part of the septum between the ventricles called?

A

interventricular septum

24
Q

what is an atrial septal defect?

A

a hole in the interatrial septum

25
Q

what is a ventricular septal defect

A

a hole in the interventricular septum

26
Q

what is the name of the indent ear thing in the right atrium?

A

the oval fossa

27
Q

how does the pump ensure unidirectional flow?

A

the 4 cardiac valves

28
Q

where is the tricuspid valve located?

A

between the RA and RV

29
Q

where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

between the RV and pulmonary trunk

30
Q

where is the mitral valves located?

A

between the LA and LV

31
Q

where is the aortic valve located?

A

between the LV and the aorta

32
Q

which valves shut during the first heart sound?

A

tricuspid and mitral (lub)

33
Q

which valves shut during the second heart sound?

A

the pulmonary and aortic valves

34
Q

what are the three openings in the RA?

A

SVC, IVC and coronary sinus

35
Q

what three cusps do tricuspid and mitral valves have?

A

anterior, posterior and septal

36
Q

what three cusps to aortic and pulmonary valves have?

A

left, right and septal

37
Q

what are the cardiac muscles called that are attached to chamber walls?

A

papillary muscles

38
Q

where is the aortic listening area?

A

2nd right ICS sternal edge

39
Q

where is the pulmonary listening area?

A

2nd left ICS sternal edge

40
Q

where is the tricuspid listening area?

A

4th left ICS sternal edge

41
Q

where is the mitral listening area?

A

5th left ICS midclavicular line

42
Q

where are the baroreceptors?

A

in the carotid sinus and in the arch of the aorta

Cardiovascular (4 decks)

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