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NSx Donut Rounds > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Through which transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra does the vertebral artery pass?

A

C6-1

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2
Q

How many segments of the vertebral artery are there?

A

4 segments

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3
Q

Extent of V1

A

Prevertebral.

From its origin at the subclavian artery to C6

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4
Q

Extent of V2

A

Vertebral segment

Runs within the transverse foramen from C6 to C2

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5
Q

Extent of V3

A

Extradural segment

From C2 to the foramen magnum

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6
Q

Extent of V4?

A

From the entry into the dura of the foramen magnum until its junction with the contralateral vertebral artery where it forms the basilar.

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7
Q

What are the collateral branches of the vertebral arteries?

A

Anterior meningeal artery

Posterior meingeal artery

Posterior spinal artery

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8
Q

Branches of the vertebral artery

A

ASA

PICA

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9
Q

Features of the anterior spinal artery?

A

Formed from two branches oiginating from each of the VAs prior to their union as the basilar artery.

Runs in the surface of the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord, supplies blood to the anterior 2/3rds.

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10
Q

Features of PICA

A

Supplies the posterolateral medulla, the fourth ventricle and the posteroinferior cerebellar hemispheres

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12
Q

Level of termination of the basilar artery/

A

Interpeduncular cistern

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13
Q

Branches of the basilar

A

AICA

Labyrinthine

Pontine

SCA

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14
Q

Extent of P1

A

Pre-communicating segment

From the bifurcation of the basilar artery to the junction of PComm

Gives off multiple perforators to hte thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and the anterolateral segment of the midbrain.

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15
Q

Extent of P2

A

Ambient segment

From the junction of ht ePComm to the posterior edge of the midbrain.

Some of the PCA branches at this segment are the lateral posterior choroidal artery and thalamogeniculate arteries.

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16
Q

Extent of the P3 segment

A

Quadrigeminal segment

From the posterior edge of the midbrain to the anterior limit of the calcarine fissure.

The branches of this segment supply the posteroinferior temporal lobe (posterior temporal artery)

Occipital lobe (parieto-occipital artery and calcarine artery

And the posterior segment of the corpus callosum (posterior pericallosal artery)

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17
Q

Number of segments of PCA?

A

4 segments

21
Q

Extent of P4 segment

A

Terminal segment

22
Q

Anatomy of Alexia without Agraphia

A

Cerebral hemispheric infarction

Left occipital region plus splenium of corpus callosum.

Due to infraction of Callosal branches

23
Q

Pure word blindness, can write but not read

A

Alexia without agraphia

24
Q

Signs and symptoms of alexia without agraphia

A

Can write but not read

May have contralateral homonymous hemianopia

25
Q

Balint Snydrome

A

Bilateral loss of voluntary but not reflex eye movements

Bilateral optic ataxia- poor visual-motor co-ordination

Asimultagnosia- inability to understand visual objects

26
Q

Anatomy of Balint syndrome

A

Bilateral parietal occpital lobe infarct due to bilateral PCA stroke

27
Q

Claude Sydnrome

A

Contralateral ataxia of arm and leg.

Marked ataxia differentiates from Benedkits

28
Q

Anatomy of Claude syndrome

A

Contralateral ataxia due to infarction of midbrain tegmentum secondary to PCA occlusion.

May also have ipsilateral oculomotr palsy with contralateral tremor and ataxia

29
Q

Weber Syndrome

A

Basal midbrain stroke

Contralateral weakness of arm and leg due to corticospinal tract involvelent
Ipsilateral CN3 palsy

30
Q

Anton Syndrome

A

Cortical blindness

Bilateral visual loss

Unawareness or denial of blindness

31
Q

Anatomy of Anton syndrome

A

Bilateral PCA occlusion or top of basilar occlusion

Due to bilateral occipital lobe involvement

32
Q

Unilateral Occpital PCA stroke

A

Conralateral homonymous heminaopia with macular sparing

Due to infarction of occipital and infero-medial temporal lobes

33
Q

Dejerine Roussy Syndrome

A

Thalamic pain syndrome

Due to thalamoperforator branch infarction

Causes hemisensory loss- all modalities

Hemi-body pain

34
Q

Benedikt syndrome

A

Paramedian midbrain syndrome

Ipsilateral CN3 palsy

Cerebellar ataxia with choreoathetotic movements (red nucleus)

May involve contralateral hemiparesis due to involvement of corticospinal tract.

35
Q

Benedikt syndrome

A

Paramedian midbrain syndrome

Ipsilateral CN3 palsy

Cerebellar ataxia with choreoathetotic movements (red nucleus)

May involve contralateral hemiparesis due to involvement of corticospinal tract.

NSx Donut Rounds (2 decks)

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