Anatomy- 8 Neck m/n/b Flashcards
muscles, nerves, spaces of the neck
epiphyseal rim
The vertebral arch is composed of _____ and _____
Lamina
Pedicle
The Body of vertebrae mainly function to:
a) suppport weight, create WBC
b) support weight, hemopoeisis
b) support weight, hemopoeisis
Pedicles form the ___ and ___ of the intervertebral foramen
roof and floor
Vertebral Arch
a) formed from ___
b) contains ___
a) body and arch
b) spinal cord
Intervertebral foramen
1) Formed by:
- a) roof and floor:
- b) posterior border
- c) anterior border
2) Contains:
- *1a) roof=** superior vertebral notch of pedicle
- *floor**= inferior vertebral notch of pedicle
- *b) posterior** = lamina/zygapophyseal joint
- *c) anterior** = body/disc
2: contains spinal nerve
The superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae form the ____ joint.
Zygopophyseal joint
Name the structures:
Atlas, C1
A) Posterior Tubercle
B) Anterior Tubercle
C) Superior articular surface (process)
D) Transverse foramen
E) Transverse process
Name the structures:
Axis, C2
A) Transverse process
B) Superior articular facet
C) Dens
Name the structures:
A) spinous process
B) Uncinate process
Cervical vertebrae have ___ discs relative to their body size.
a) thick
b) thin
a) thick discs
A typical cervical intervertebral joint has articulations:
1) body to body
2) right and left superior and inferior articular processes
3) right and left uncovertebral joints (uncinate processes)
Uncinate processes
a) are elevated _____ structures
b) exist anteriorly or posteriorly
c) restricts movements:
a) elevated epiphyseal rim
b) anteriorly
c) ab/adduction
Vertebra prominens is located on which vertebrae:
C7
The lateral masses of C1 function to:
transmit weight from head to C2
contain superior and inferior articular processes
The odontoid process is also known as a)___ and is located on b)____
a) Dens
b) C2 or Axis
The Hyoid bone articulates with:
a) the mandible
b) the larynx
c) the styloid and mastoid processes
d) no other bones
d) no other bones
The Hyoid
a) Located between the ___ and ___
b) attaches to the larynx via the ____
c) functions in ____ and ____
a) larynx and mandible
b) thyrohyoid membrane
c) swallowing and speaking
This fascia interconnects carotid sheaths and subdivides the retropharyngeal space:
Alar fascia
Name the fascia layers:
1) investing layer
2) Pretracheal - muscular
3) Pretracheal- visceral
4) Prevertebral layer
5) Carotid sheath
Pretrachea fascia
a) superficial/middle/deep?
b) runs from ___ to ___
c) above the hyoid it is continuous with ____
d) encloses structures:
a) middle
b) tube from hyoid to thoracic inlet
c) buccopharyngeal fascia
d) trachea, esophagus, thyroid, infrahyoid muscles
Prevertebral fascia
a) superficial/middle/deep
b) covers:
a) deep
b) covers cervical vertebral column and deep muscles from base of skull to thorax
- also cervical extensions of sympathetic trunks
Carotid sheaths:
a) located in triangle formed by which fascia layers:
b) contains:
a) triangle formed by investing, pretracheal, prevertebral layers
b) carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves, lymphatics
Retropharyngeal space
a) borders:
b) function:
a) space between pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
b) allows free movement of organs in pretracheal fascia
Platysma
a) superior attachment
b) inferior attachment
c) innervation
d) action
a) inferior mandible, subcutaneous tissue of lower face
b) fascia of superior pec major to deltoid
c) CN VII
d) draws corners of mouth inferiorly, draws skin of neck superiorly
What fascia layer allows movement of neck structures independently of one another in swallowing or turning the head?
Investing layer
Which of the following would be found on C1 the atlas?
A. body
B. lateral mass
C. spinous process
D. posterior uncinated process
B. lateral mass
Which of the following fascial layers would have the most structures contained within?
A. investing layer
B. pretracheal layer
C. prevertebral layer
D. carotid sheath
A) Investing layer- covers all of neck
Which of the following muscles is capable of extending the head?
A. anterior scalene
B. platysma
C. longus coli
D. sternocleidomastoid
D) Sternocleinomastoid when flexed bilaterally
Which of the following is innervated by the trigeminal nerve?
A. sternocleidomastoid
B. trapezius
C. playsma
D. mylohyoid
d. mylohyoid
Which of the following nerves is not found in the neck triangles?
A. CN VIII
B. CN X
C. CN XI
D. CN XII
CN VIII
What is NOT found in the prevertebral fascia layer?
A) Longus colli
B) Posterior Deep Cervical muscles
C) Esophagus
D) Longus capitis
C) Esophagus is in the pretrachial layer
CN X is most likely to be found in which cervical triangle?
A. carotid
B. submental
C. muscular
D. posterior
A) carotid
Which muscle group elevates the larynx for swallowing and sound modification?
a) Infrahyoid
b) Suprahyoid
c) Deep muscles of the neck
d) Prevertebral muscles
b) Suprahyoid
Which muscle does NOT receive innervation from the facial nerve (CN VII)?
a) Mylohyoid
b) Stylohyoid
c) Digastric
d) Stapedius
e) platysma
a) Mylohyoid gets CN V3
stapedius stabilizes the stapes in the ear (CN VII), fun fact
Which muscle attaches to the scapula:
a) Sternohyoid
b) Omohyoid
c) Longus capitis
d) Posterior scalene
b) Omohyoid
Which muscle is NOT innervated by the ansa cervicalis?
a) Sternohyoid
b) Omohyoid
c) Sternothyroid
d) Scalenes
e) Thyrohyoid
d) scalenes
Longus capitis has the motor function a)____ of the head, and also functions in b)____.
a) flexion
b) proprioception
Which muscle is NOT innervated by anterior rami:
a) Longus colli
b) Splenius capitis
c) Longus capitis
d) Middle scalene
The carotid body has which kind of receptors a)_____
The carotid sinus has which kind of receptors b)_____
a) carotid body has chemoreceptors (CO2 , pH)
b) carotid sinus has baroreceptors (BP)
______ is the artery feeding the circle of willis.
Internal Carotid
Vertebral arteries are fed by the _____ artery.
Subclavian
______ Trunk branches off the subclavian artery, and runs to the muscles at the base of the neck, thyroid, and cervical structures
Thyrocervical trunk
____ Trunk branches off the subclavian artery, running to the ribs (internal thoracic artery) and cervical structures.
Costocervical trunk
The veinous valve at the base of the _____ prevents backflow of blood to the brain.
a) internal jugular vein
b) external jugular vein
c) anterior jugular vein
a) internal jugular vein
Lymph drains into which structure?
a) Superior vena cava
b) venous angle at the base of the internal jugular
c) Inferior vena cava
d) base of the external jugular
b) venous angle
the internal jugular and subclavian come together to form the venous angle, and merge into the brachiocephalic vein which runs to the superior vena cava
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) serves which two neck muscles:
1) trapezius
2) sternocleidomastoid
The vagus nerve branches off at the right subclavian artery, or on the left at the aorta (via recurrent laryngeal nerves), to serve which 3 structures?
1) esophagus
2) trachea
3) muscles of larynx
The Cervical Plexus consists of :
a) ventral rami C1-C4
b) dorsal rami C1-C4
c) only motor neurons
d) ventral rami C5-T1
a) ventral rami C1-C4
_____ extend along the vetebrae from the thorax to the base of the skull, composed of neurons from the upper thoracic lateral horn of the spinal cord.
a) parasympathetic trunks
b) sympathetic trunks
b) sympathetic trunks
Remember parasympathetic is also known as “craniosacral” (so sympathetic comes from the thoracic region)
Also remember the lateral horn is your keyword for thoracic region visceral motor neurons that project to sympathetic ganglia.
Sympathetic trunks from T1-L2 tend to have which effect on vasculature:
a) vasoconstriction
b) vasodilation
a) vasoconstriction
