Anatomy- 8 Neck m/n/b

Question 1

Answer 1

epiphyseal rim

Question 2

The vertebral arch is composed of _____ and _____

Answer 2

Lamina

Pedicle

Question 3

The Body of vertebrae mainly function to:

a) suppport weight, create WBC
b) support weight, hemopoeisis

Answer 3

b) support weight, hemopoeisis

Question 4

Pedicles form the ___ and ___ of the intervertebral foramen

Answer 4

roof and floor

Question 5

Vertebral Arch

a) formed from ___
b) contains ___

Answer 5

a) body and arch
b) spinal cord

Question 6

Intervertebral foramen

1) Formed by:

• a) roof and floor:
• b) posterior border
• c) anterior border

2) Contains:

Answer 6

• *1a) roof=** superior vertebral notch of pedicle
• *floor**= inferior vertebral notch of pedicle
• *b) posterior** = lamina/zygapophyseal joint
• *c) anterior** = body/disc

2: contains spinal nerve

Question 7

The superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae form the ____ joint.

Answer 7

Zygopophyseal joint

Question 8

Name the structures:

Answer 8

Atlas, C1

A) Posterior Tubercle

B) Anterior Tubercle

C) Superior articular surface (process)

D) Transverse foramen

E) Transverse process

Question 9

Name the structures:

Answer 9

Axis, C2

A) Transverse process

B) Superior articular facet

C) Dens

Question 10

Name the structures:

Answer 10

A) spinous process

B) Uncinate process

Question 11

Cervical vertebrae have ___ discs relative to their body size.

a) thick
b) thin

Answer 11

a) thick discs

Question 12

A typical cervical intervertebral joint has articulations:

Answer 12

1) body to body
2) right and left superior and inferior articular processes
3) right and left uncovertebral joints (uncinate processes)

Question 13

Uncinate processes

a) are elevated _____ structures
b) exist anteriorly or posteriorly
c) restricts movements:

Answer 13

a) elevated epiphyseal rim
b) anteriorly
c) ab/adduction

Question 14

Vertebra prominens is located on which vertebrae:

Answer 14

C7

Question 15

The lateral masses of C1 function to:

Answer 15

transmit weight from head to C2

contain superior and inferior articular processes

Question 16

The odontoid process is also known as a)___ and is located on b)____

Answer 16

a) Dens
b) C2 or Axis

Question 17

The Hyoid bone articulates with:

a) the mandible
b) the larynx
c) the styloid and mastoid processes
d) no other bones

Answer 17

d) no other bones

Question 18

The Hyoid

a) Located between the ___ and ___
b) attaches to the larynx via the ____
c) functions in ____ and ____

Answer 18

a) larynx and mandible
b) thyrohyoid membrane
c) swallowing and speaking

Question 19

This fascia interconnects carotid sheaths and subdivides the retropharyngeal space:

Answer 19

Alar fascia

Question 20

Name the fascia layers:

Answer 20

1) investing layer
2) Pretracheal - muscular
3) Pretracheal- visceral
4) Prevertebral layer
5) Carotid sheath

Question 21

Pretrachea fascia

a) superficial/middle/deep?
b) runs from ___ to ___
c) above the hyoid it is continuous with ____
d) encloses structures:

Answer 21

a) middle
b) tube from hyoid to thoracic inlet
c) buccopharyngeal fascia
d) trachea, esophagus, thyroid, infrahyoid muscles

Question 22

Prevertebral fascia

a) superficial/middle/deep
b) covers:

Answer 22

a) deep
b) covers cervical vertebral column and deep muscles from base of skull to thorax
- also cervical extensions of sympathetic trunks

Question 23

Carotid sheaths:

a) located in triangle formed by which fascia layers:
b) contains:

Answer 23

a) triangle formed by investing, pretracheal, prevertebral layers
b) carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves, lymphatics

Question 24

Retropharyngeal space

a) borders:
b) function:

Answer 24

a) space between pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
b) allows free movement of organs in pretracheal fascia

Question 25

**_Platysma_** a) superior attachment b) inferior attachment c) innervation d) action

Answer 25

a) inferior mandible, subcutaneous tissue of lower face b) fascia of superior pec major to deltoid c) CN VII d) draws corners of mouth inferiorly, draws skin of neck superiorly

Question 26

What fascia layer allows movement of neck structures independently of one another in swallowing or turning the head?

Answer 26

Investing layer

Question 27

Which of the following would be found on C1 the atlas? A. body B. lateral mass C. spinous process D. posterior uncinated process

Answer 27

B. lateral mass

Question 28

Which of the following fascial layers would have the most structures contained within? A. investing layer B. pretracheal layer C. prevertebral layer D. carotid sheath

Answer 28

A) Investing layer- covers all of neck

Question 29

Which of the following muscles is capable of extending the head? A. anterior scalene B. platysma C. longus coli D. sternocleidomastoid

Answer 29

D) Sternocleinomastoid when flexed bilaterally

Question 30

Which of the following is innervated by the trigeminal nerve? A. sternocleidomastoid B. trapezius C. playsma D. mylohyoid

Answer 30

d. mylohyoid

Question 31

Which of the following nerves is not found in the neck triangles? A. CN VIII B. CN X C. CN XI D. CN XII

Answer 31

CN VIII

Question 32

What is NOT found in the **_prevertebral_** fascia layer? A) Longus colli B) Posterior Deep Cervical muscles C) Esophagus D) Longus capitis

Answer 32

C) Esophagus is in the pretrachial layer

Question 33

CN X is most likely to be found in which cervical triangle? A. carotid B. submental C. muscular D. posterior

Answer 33

A) carotid

Question 34

Which muscle group elevates the larynx for swallowing and sound modification? a) Infrahyoid b) Suprahyoid c) Deep muscles of the neck d) Prevertebral muscles

Answer 34

b) Suprahyoid

Question 35

Which muscle does NOT receive innervation from the facial nerve (CN VII)? a) Mylohyoid b) Stylohyoid c) Digastric d) Stapedius e) platysma

Answer 35

a) Mylohyoid gets CN V₃ stapedius stabilizes the stapes in the ear (CN VII), fun fact

Question 36

Which muscle attaches to the **scapula**: a) Sternohyoid b) Omohyoid c) Longus capitis d) Posterior scalene

Answer 36

b) Omohyoid

Question 37

Which muscle is NOT innervated by the ansa cervicalis? a) Sternohyoid b) Omohyoid c) Sternothyroid d) Scalenes e) Thyrohyoid

Answer 37

d) scalenes

Question 38

Longus capitis has the motor function a)\_\_\_\_ of the head, and also functions in b)\_\_\_\_.

Answer 38

a) flexion b) proprioception

Question 39

Which muscle is NOT innervated by anterior rami: a) Longus colli b) Splenius capitis c) Longus capitis d) Middle scalene

Question 40

The carotid body has which kind of receptors a)\_\_\_\_\_ The carotid sinus has which kind of receptors b)\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

a) carotid body has chemoreceptors (CO₂ , pH) b) carotid sinus has baroreceptors (BP)

Question 41

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the artery feeding the circle of willis.

Answer 41

Internal Carotid

Question 42

Vertebral arteries are fed by the _____ artery.

Answer 42

Subclavian

Question 43

\_\_\_\_\_\_ Trunk branches off the subclavian artery, and runs to the muscles at the base of the neck, thyroid, and cervical structures

Answer 43

Thyrocervical trunk

Question 44

\_\_\_\_ Trunk branches off the subclavian artery, running to the ribs (internal thoracic artery) and cervical structures.

Answer 44

Costocervical trunk

Question 45

The veinous valve at the base of the _____ prevents backflow of blood to the brain. a) internal jugular vein b) external jugular vein c) anterior jugular vein

Answer 45

a) internal jugular vein

Question 46

Lymph drains into which structure? a) Superior vena cava b) venous angle at the base of the internal jugular c) Inferior vena cava d) base of the external jugular

Answer 46

b) venous angle the internal jugular and subclavian come together to form the venous angle, and merge into the brachiocephalic vein which runs to the superior vena cava

Question 47

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) serves which two neck muscles:

Answer 47

1) trapezius 2) sternocleidomastoid

Question 48

The vagus nerve branches off at the right subclavian artery, or on the left at the aorta (via recurrent laryngeal nerves), to serve which 3 structures?

Answer 48

1) esophagus 2) trachea 3) muscles of larynx

Question 49

The Cervical Plexus consists of : a) ventral rami C1-C4 b) dorsal rami C1-C4 c) only motor neurons d) ventral rami C5-T1

Answer 49

a) ventral rami C1-C4

Question 50

\_\_\_\_\_ extend along the vetebrae from the thorax to the base of the skull, composed of neurons from the upper thoracic **lateral horn** of the spinal cord. a) parasympathetic trunks b) sympathetic trunks

Answer 50

**b) sympathetic trunks** Remember parasympathetic is also known as "craniosacral" (so sympathetic comes from the thoracic region) Also remember the **_lateral horn_** is your keyword for thoracic region visceral motor neurons that project to sympathetic ganglia.

Question 51

Sympathetic trunks from T1-L2 tend to have which effect on vasculature: a) vasoconstriction b) vasodilation

Answer 51

a) vasoconstriction