Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

First bone in body to ossify.

A

Clavicle.

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2
Q

Primary shoulder stabilizer in anterior translation with the arm abducted to 45 degrees.

A

Middle glenohumeral ligament.

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3
Q

Primary shoulder restraint in external rotation of the adducted arm.

A

Superior glenohumeral ligament.

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4
Q

Primary shoulder stabilizer for anterior and inferior translation in abduction.

A

Inferior glenohumeral ligament.

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5
Q

Roots contributing to the brachial plexus.

A

C5-T1

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6
Q

How cords of the brachial plexus are named.

A

Anatomic relationship to the axillary artery.

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7
Q

Brachial plexus lateral cord terminations (2).

A
  1. Musculocutaneous nerve
  2. Lateral pectoral nerve
  3. Median nerve
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8
Q

Brachial plexus posterior cord terminations (5).

A
  1. Radial nerve
  2. Axillary nerve
  3. Upper subscapular nerve
  4. Lower subscapular nerve
  5. Thoracodorsal nerve
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9
Q

Brachial plexus medial cord terminations (5).

A
  1. Ulnar nerve
  2. Medial pectoral nerve
  3. Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
  4. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
  5. Median nerve
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10
Q

Supraspinatus innervation.

A

Suprascapular nerve.

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11
Q

Infraspinatus innervation.

A

Suprascapular nerve.

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12
Q

Teres minor innervation.

A

Axillary nerve.

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13
Q

Subscapularis innervation.

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves.

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14
Q

Suprascpular nerve roots.

A

C5,6

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15
Q

Axillary nerve roots.

A

C5,6

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16
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy root involvement.

A

C5,6

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17
Q

Klumpke’s palsy root involvement.

A

C8,T1

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18
Q

Better prognosis, Erb-Duchenne palsy or Klumpke’s?

A

Erb-Duchenne

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19
Q

Serratus anterior muscle dysfunction results in this.

A

Medial scapular winging.

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20
Q

Trapezius muscle dysfunction results in this.

A

Lateral scapular winging.

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21
Q

Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery.

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Acromial
  3. Pectoralis
  4. Clavicular
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22
Q

Two branches of axillary artery in Part II.

A
  1. Thoracoacromial

2. Lateral thoracic

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23
Q

Three branches of axillary artery in Part III.

A
  1. Subscapular
  2. Anterior humeral circumflex
  3. Posterior humeral circumflex
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24
Q

Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery here.

A

After passes under clavicle.

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25
Q

Relationship to this structure organizes classification of axillary artery.

A

Pectoralis minor.

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26
Q

Glenoid position relative to plane of scapula.

A

Retroverted 5 deg.

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27
Q

Spiral groove of humerus position relative to the articular surface of trochlea.

A

13cm proximal.

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28
Q

Strongest of all elbow ligaments.

A

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.

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29
Q

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament taut during this range.

A

60 to full extension.

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30
Q

Components of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (3).

A
  1. Anterior bundle
  2. Transverse bundle
  3. Posterior bundle
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31
Q

Eponym of transverse bundle of ulnar collateral ligament.

A

Cooper.

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32
Q

This is the most important constraint against valgus force at the elbow.

A

Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.

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33
Q

Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament attaches here.

A

18mm distal to tip of coronoid.

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34
Q

Deficiency of this results in posterolateral rotatory instability.

A

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament.

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35
Q

Borders of the quadrilateral space.

A
  1. Superior: teres minor
  2. Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
  3. Medial: long head of triceps
  4. Inferior: teres major
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36
Q

Structures in the quadrilateral space (2).

A
  1. Axillary nerve

2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery

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37
Q

Borders of the triangular space.

A
  1. Superior: teres minor
  2. Lateral: long head of triceps
  3. Medial: teres major
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38
Q

Borders of the triangular interval.

A
  1. Superior: teres major
  2. Lateral: shaft of humerus
  3. Medial: long head of triceps
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39
Q

Structures in the triangular interval (2).

A
  1. Radial nerve

2. Profunda brachii artery

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40
Q

Structure in the triangular space.

A

Circumflex scapular artery.

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41
Q

Radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum here in relation to the trochlea.

A

7.5cm proximal to trochlea.

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42
Q

Median nerve accompanies this structure in the arm.

A

Brachial artery.

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43
Q

Termination of the musculocutanous nerve.

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

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44
Q

Brachial artery bifurcates into these (2).

A
  1. Radial artery

2. Ulnar artery

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45
Q

Kocher interval to elbow.

A

Between anconeus (radial n.) and ECU (PIN).

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46
Q

Portals for elbow arthroscopy (3).

A
  1. Anterolateral portal
  2. Anteromedial portal
  3. Posteromedial portal
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47
Q

Structure at risk with anterolateral arthroscopy portal of elbow.

A

Radial nerve.

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48
Q

Structure at risk with anteromedial arthroscopy portal of elbow (2)

A
  1. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

2. Median nerve

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49
Q

Distal radioulnar joint most stable in this position.

A

Supination.

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50
Q

Innervation of pronator teres.

A

Median nerve.

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51
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi radialis.

A

Median nerve.

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52
Q

Innervation of palmaris longus.

A

Median nerve.

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53
Q

Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris.

A

Ulnar nerve.

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54
Q

Innervation flexor digitorum superficialis.

A

Median nerve.

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55
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus.

A

Median (AIN) and ulnar nerves

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56
Q

Innervation of flexor pollicis longus.

A

Median (AIN) nerve

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57
Q

Innervation of pronator quadratus.

A

Median (AIN) nerve

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58
Q

Innervation of brachioradialis.

A

Radial nerve.

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59
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus.

A

Radial nerve.

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60
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi radlis brevis.

A

Radial nerve.

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61
Q

Innervation of anconeus.

A

Radial nerve.

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62
Q

Innervation of extensor digitorum.

A

PIN

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63
Q

Innervation of extensor digiti minimi.

A

PIN

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64
Q

Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris.

A

PIN

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65
Q

Innervation of supinator.

A

PIN

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66
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis longus.

A

PIN

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67
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis.

A

PIN

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68
Q

Innervation of extensor pollicis longus.

A

PIN

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69
Q

Innervation of extensor indicis proprius.

A

PIN

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70
Q

This nerve splits the supinator.

A

PIN

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71
Q

This nerve is located between the brachialis and brachioradialis.

A

Radial nerve

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72
Q

This nerve is located between the brachioradialis and ECRL.

A

Superficial radial nerve.

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73
Q

This nerve is located medial to the brachial artery at the elbow.

A

Median nerve.

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74
Q

This nerve splits the pronator teres.

A

AIN

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75
Q

This nerve is located between the FCU and FDP.

A

Ulnar nerve.

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76
Q

The ulnar nerve enters the forearm at this region.

A

Between two heads of the FCU.

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77
Q

Strongest supporting structure of the carpus.

A

Volar radiocarpal ligament.

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78
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment I contents.

A

APL, EPB

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79
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment II contents.

A

ECRL, ECRB

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80
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment III contents.

A

EPL

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81
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment IV contents.

A

EDC, EIP

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82
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment V contents.

A

EDM

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83
Q

Dorsal wrist compartment VI contents.

A

ECU

84
Q

The EPB is located _____ to the APL tendon.

A

ulnar

85
Q

This dorsal wrist tendon has multiple tendon slips.

A

APL

86
Q

The ECRL tendon is located ____ to the ECRB tendon.

A

Radial.

87
Q

The PIN is contained within the ____ dorsal wrist compartment.

A

IV

88
Q

The anatomic snuffbox is bordered by tendons of the ___ and ___ dorsal wrist compartments.

A
  1. First

2. Third

89
Q

Radial snuffbox border.

A

EPB tendon

90
Q

Ulnar snuffbox border.

A

EPL tendon

91
Q

The carpal tunnel contains ___ nerve and ____ tendons.

A

One nerve, Nine tendons.

92
Q

Most critical pulley.

A

A2

93
Q

This pulley is involved in trigger digits.

A

A1

94
Q

These pulleys originate from the palmar plates of joints.

A

A1, A3, A5 pulleys

95
Q

Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis.

A

Median nerve.

96
Q

Innervation of opponens pollicis.

A

Median nerve.

97
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis.

A

Ulnar nerve.

98
Q

Innervation of dorsal interossei.

A

Ulnar nerve.

99
Q

Innervation of volar interossei.

A

Ulnar nerve.

100
Q

Interval of the dorsal approach to the wrist.

A

Between third and fourth dorsal compartments.

101
Q

Number of vertebrae.

A

33.

102
Q

Number of cervical vertebrae.

A

7.

103
Q

Number of thoracic vertebrae.

A

12.

104
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae.

A

5.

105
Q

Spine level of mandible.

A

C2-3

106
Q

Spine level of hyoid cartilage.

A

C3

107
Q

Spine level of thyroid cartilage.

A

C4-5

108
Q

Spine level of cricoid cartilage.

A

C6

109
Q

Spine level of vertebra prominens.

A

C7

110
Q

Spine level of scapular spine.

A

T3

111
Q

Spine level of distal tip of scapula.

A

T7

112
Q

Spine level of iliac crest.

A

L4-5

113
Q

This spine articulation has highest percentage of neck flexion/extension.

A

Occiput-C1 articulation.

114
Q

This spine articulation is responsible for majority of neck rotation.

A

C1-2

115
Q

Carotid tubercle is found at this spine level.

A

C6

116
Q

Defect in the pars interarticularis.

A

Spondylolysis.

117
Q

Structures of anterior column of spine.

A

ALL, anterior 2/3 of annulus and vertebral body

118
Q

Structures of the middle column of spine.

A

Posterior 1/3 of annulus and vertebral body, PLL

119
Q

Structures of the posterior column of spine.

A

Pedicles, facets, facet capsules, spinous processes, interspinous ligaments, ligament flavum, supraspinous ligaments

120
Q

Major stabilizer of the atlantoaxial joint.

A

Transverse ligament.

121
Q

Annulus fibrosus composed of this type of collagen.

A

Type I.

122
Q

Central nucleus pulposus made of this type of collagen.

A

Type II.

123
Q

Intervertebral discs account for ____ of the total height of the spinal column

A

25%

124
Q

Platysma innervation.

A

Cranial nerve VII.

125
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle innervation.

A

Cranial nerve XI.

126
Q

Function of dorsal columns (3).

A
  1. Deep touch
  2. Proprioception
  3. Vibratory sense
127
Q

Dorsal columns: ascending or descending?

A

Ascending.

128
Q

Function of lateral spinothalamic tracts (2).

A
  1. Pain

2. Temperature

129
Q

Function of anterior spinothalamic tracts.

A

Light touch.

130
Q

Function of lateral corticospinal tract.

A

Voluntary motor.

131
Q

Lateral corticospinal tract: ascending or descending?

A

Descending.

132
Q

Biceps reflex neurologic level.

A

C5

133
Q

Brachioradialis reflex neurologic level.

A

C6

134
Q

Triceps reflex neurologic level.

A

C7

135
Q

Patellar reflex neurorogic level.

A

L4

136
Q

Achilles reflex neurologic level.

A

S1

137
Q

Deltoid muscle neurologic level.

A

C5

138
Q

Wrist extension neurologic level.

A

C6

139
Q

Wrist flexion neurologic level.

A

C7

140
Q

Finger flexion neurologic level.

A

C8

141
Q

Interossei neurologic level.

A

T1

142
Q

Tibialis anterior neurologic level.

A

L4

143
Q

Toe extensors neurologic level.

A

L5

144
Q

Distance of C1 spinous process to vertebral artery laterally.

A

2cm

145
Q

Supplies the interior 2/3 or anterior spinal cord.

A

Artery of Adamkiewicz

146
Q

Hip extension neurologic level.

A

S1

147
Q

Hip adduction neurologic level.

A

L2-4

148
Q

Hip abduction neurologic level.

A

L5

149
Q

Hip flexion neurologic level.

A

T12-L3

150
Q

Knee flexion neurologic level.

A

L5,S1

151
Q

Knee extension neurologic level.

A

L2-L4

152
Q

Ankle dorsiflexion neurologic level.

A

L4,5

153
Q

Ankle plantarflexion neurologic level.

A

S1,S2

154
Q

AIIS is the origin of these two structures.

A
  1. Rectus femoris

2. Iliofemoral ligament

155
Q

Inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen.

A

Sacrospinous ligament.

156
Q

Most common neural injury at time of primary THA.

A

Peroneal division of sciatic nerve.

157
Q

This nerve lies on the anteromedial surface of the psoas.

A

Genitofemoral nerve.

158
Q

The femoral nerve lies between these two muscles most proximally.

A

Iliacus and psoas.

159
Q

The LFCN exist the pelvis here.

A

Under lateral attachment of the inguinal ligament.

160
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle.

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Pectineus
  3. Inguinal ligament
161
Q

The aorta branches into common iliacs here.

A

L4.

162
Q

Common iliac vessels bifurcate here.

A

S1

163
Q

This cruciate ligament of knee has an anteromedial bundle.

A

ACL

164
Q

This cruciate ligament of the knee has an anterolateral bundle.

A

PCL

165
Q

________ bundles of ACL and PCL are tight in flexion.

A

Anterior bundles.

166
Q

Isolated injury to PCL causes the greatest instability at this degree of flexion.

A

90 deg

167
Q

Isolated injury to the posterolateral corner causes greatest instability at this degree fo flexion.

A

30 deg

168
Q

Muscles in anterior compartment of leg (4).

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. EHL
  3. EDL
  4. Peroneus tertius
169
Q

Muscles in lateral compartment of leg (2).

A
  1. Peroneus longus

2. Peroneus brevis

170
Q

Muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of leg (2).

A
  1. gastroc-soleus complex

2. Plantaris

171
Q

Muscles in the deep posterior compartment of leg (4).

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. FHL
  3. FDL
  4. Tibalis posterior
172
Q

Primary blood supply to talar body.

A

Artery of the tarsal canal (posterior tibial artery).

173
Q

Blood supply to talus consists of these three.

A
  1. Artery of tarsal canal (posterior tib.)
  2. Superior neck vessels (anterior tib.)
  3. Artery of the tarsal sinus (dorsalis pedis)
174
Q

This tendon runs beneath the sustentaculum tali.

A

FHL

175
Q

Initiator of hindfoot inversion during gait.

A

Posterior tibial tendon.

176
Q

Two branches of the tibial nerve at the foot.

A

Medial and lateral plantar nerves.

177
Q

Anterolateral ankle arthroscopy portal danger.

A

Dorsal intermediate cutaneous branch of SPN.

178
Q

Anteromedial ankle arthroscopy portal danger.

A

Saphenous vein.

179
Q

Lisfranc ligament connects these two bones.

A

Medial cuneiform to 2nd metatarsal.

180
Q

Plantar heel spurs originate here.

A

In the flexor digitorum brevis.

181
Q

In approaching the lateral lumbar spine through the psoas, the lumbosacral plexus is in danger of being injured. The location of the plexus is best described as which of the following

A

More ventral in the upper lumbar spine and more dorsal in the lower lumbar spine

182
Q

A boutonniere deformity is treated with distal extensor tenotomy. What structures allow for active extension at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint after tenotomy

A

Oblique retinacular ligament

183
Q

During posterior approach to the hip, sciatic nerve is found btw these two muscles

A

Piriformis

Superior gemellus

184
Q

Insertion of lumbrical

A

Radial lateral band of the extensor mechanism

185
Q

Insertion of palmar interosseous muscle

A

Lateral band

186
Q

Nerve at risk during coracoid transfer

A

Musculocutaneous

187
Q

Contents of greater sciatic foramen

A
PISS
Pudental artery/nerve, Piriformis, Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Inferior gluteal NAV
Superior gluteal NAV
Sciatic nerve
188
Q

Contents of the lesser sciatic foramen

A

POO
Pudendal nerve
Obturator internus muscle
Obturator internus nerve

189
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A
I Twice Get Laid On Fridays
Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
LFCN
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
190
Q

The iliopectineal fascia runs between which of the following structures

A

Iliopsoas muscle

Iliac vessesl

191
Q

Ridge that separates the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL

A

Lateral bifurcate ridge

192
Q

In radial nerve palsy, last nerve to be reinnervated

A

Extensor indicis proprius

193
Q

First nerve branch off of PIN

A

ECRB

194
Q

The axis of forearm rotation occurs between what two anatomic points

A

Radial head

Ulnar styloid

195
Q

Muscle that best distinguishes an L5 radiculopathy from peroneal neuropathy

A

Tibialis posterior

196
Q

Spinal support muscles

A

I Like Standing (lateral to medial)

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

197
Q

Extended exposure of the posteromedial aspect of the knee is obtained btw the medial border of the gastric & semimembranosus tendon — further exposure requires elevation of what muscle

A

popliteus

198
Q

Orientaiton of the EIP tendon relative to the EDC tendons in the 4th dorsal compartment

A

EIP is deep and ulnar to EDC

EIP has more distal muscle belly

199
Q

During anterior approach to the lumbar spine, nerve that is lying on the anteromedial surface of the psoas

A

Genitofemoral

200
Q

Most common route that the LFCN enters the thigh

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament

201
Q

During open surgical hip dislocation, time at which the femoral head blood supply is most at risk

A

Release of the anteroinferior capsule

202
Q

Tendon that inserts just lateral to the long head of the biceps on the proximal humerus

A

Pectoralis major

203
Q

Anatomy of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve during medial meniscal repair

A

Posterior to the sartorius. Anterior to the semitendinosus with the knee in extension

204
Q

Primary blood supply to the capital femoral epiphysis in a 10 year old

A

Posterosuperior and posteroinferior retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery

205
Q

During anterior approach to the shoulder, most likely arterial structure to be encountered along the superior extent of the deltopec interval

A

Acromial branch of the thoracodorsal artery

206
Q

Innervation of short head of the biceps femoris

A

Common peroneal nerve

207
Q

Function of peroneus tertius

A

Dorsiflexion and eversion