Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
First bone in body to ossify.
A
Clavicle.
2
Q
Primary shoulder stabilizer in anterior translation with the arm abducted to 45 degrees.
A
Middle glenohumeral ligament.
3
Q
Primary shoulder restraint in external rotation of the adducted arm.
A
Superior glenohumeral ligament.
4
Q
Primary shoulder stabilizer for anterior and inferior translation in abduction.
A
Inferior glenohumeral ligament.
5
Q
Roots contributing to the brachial plexus.
A
C5-T1
6
Q
How cords of the brachial plexus are named.
A
Anatomic relationship to the axillary artery.
7
Q
Brachial plexus lateral cord terminations (2).
A
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Lateral pectoral nerve
- Median nerve
8
Q
Brachial plexus posterior cord terminations (5).
A
- Radial nerve
- Axillary nerve
- Upper subscapular nerve
- Lower subscapular nerve
- Thoracodorsal nerve
9
Q
Brachial plexus medial cord terminations (5).
A
- Ulnar nerve
- Medial pectoral nerve
- Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
- Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
- Median nerve
10
Q
Supraspinatus innervation.
A
Suprascapular nerve.
11
Q
Infraspinatus innervation.
A
Suprascapular nerve.
12
Q
Teres minor innervation.
A
Axillary nerve.
13
Q
Subscapularis innervation.
A
Upper and lower subscapular nerves.
14
Q
Suprascpular nerve roots.
A
C5,6
15
Q
Axillary nerve roots.
A
C5,6
16
Q
Erb-Duchenne palsy root involvement.
A
C5,6
17
Q
Klumpke’s palsy root involvement.
A
C8,T1
18
Q
Better prognosis, Erb-Duchenne palsy or Klumpke’s?
A
Erb-Duchenne
19
Q
Serratus anterior muscle dysfunction results in this.
A
Medial scapular winging.
20
Q
Trapezius muscle dysfunction results in this.
A
Lateral scapular winging.
21
Q
Four branches of the thoracoacromial artery.
A
- Deltoid
- Acromial
- Pectoralis
- Clavicular
22
Q
Two branches of axillary artery in Part II.
A
- Thoracoacromial
2. Lateral thoracic
23
Q
Three branches of axillary artery in Part III.
A
- Subscapular
- Anterior humeral circumflex
- Posterior humeral circumflex
24
Q
Subclavian artery becomes axillary artery here.
A
After passes under clavicle.
25
Relationship to this structure organizes classification of axillary artery.
Pectoralis minor.
26
Glenoid position relative to plane of scapula.
Retroverted 5 deg.
27
Spiral groove of humerus position relative to the articular surface of trochlea.
13cm proximal.
28
Strongest of all elbow ligaments.
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.
29
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament taut during this range.
60 to full extension.
30
Components of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (3).
1. Anterior bundle
2. Transverse bundle
3. Posterior bundle
31
Eponym of transverse bundle of ulnar collateral ligament.
Cooper.
32
This is the most important constraint against valgus force at the elbow.
Anterior bundle of medial ulnar collateral ligament.
33
Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament attaches here.
18mm distal to tip of coronoid.
34
Deficiency of this results in posterolateral rotatory instability.
Lateral ulnar collateral ligament.
35
Borders of the quadrilateral space.
1. Superior: teres minor
2. Lateral: surgical neck of humerus
3. Medial: long head of triceps
4. Inferior: teres major
36
Structures in the quadrilateral space (2).
1. Axillary nerve
| 2. Posterior humeral circumflex artery
37
Borders of the triangular space.
1. Superior: teres minor
2. Lateral: long head of triceps
3. Medial: teres major
38
Borders of the triangular interval.
1. Superior: teres major
2. Lateral: shaft of humerus
3. Medial: long head of triceps
39
Structures in the triangular interval (2).
1. Radial nerve
| 2. Profunda brachii artery
40
Structure in the triangular space.
Circumflex scapular artery.
41
Radial nerve pierces the lateral intermuscular septum here in relation to the trochlea.
7.5cm proximal to trochlea.
42
Median nerve accompanies this structure in the arm.
Brachial artery.
43
Termination of the musculocutanous nerve.
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
44
Brachial artery bifurcates into these (2).
1. Radial artery
| 2. Ulnar artery
45
Kocher interval to elbow.
Between anconeus (radial n.) and ECU (PIN).
46
Portals for elbow arthroscopy (3).
1. Anterolateral portal
2. Anteromedial portal
3. Posteromedial portal
47
Structure at risk with anterolateral arthroscopy portal of elbow.
Radial nerve.
48
Structure at risk with anteromedial arthroscopy portal of elbow (2)
1. Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
| 2. Median nerve
49
Distal radioulnar joint most stable in this position.
Supination.
50
Innervation of pronator teres.
Median nerve.
51
Innervation of flexor carpi radialis.
Median nerve.
52
Innervation of palmaris longus.
Median nerve.
53
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris.
Ulnar nerve.
54
Innervation flexor digitorum superficialis.
Median nerve.
55
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus.
Median (AIN) and ulnar nerves
56
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus.
Median (AIN) nerve
57
Innervation of pronator quadratus.
Median (AIN) nerve
58
Innervation of brachioradialis.
Radial nerve.
59
Innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus.
Radial nerve.
60
Innervation of extensor carpi radlis brevis.
Radial nerve.
61
Innervation of anconeus.
Radial nerve.
62
Innervation of extensor digitorum.
PIN
63
Innervation of extensor digiti minimi.
PIN
64
Innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris.
PIN
65
Innervation of supinator.
PIN
66
Innervation of abductor pollicis longus.
PIN
67
Innervation of extensor pollicis brevis.
PIN
68
Innervation of extensor pollicis longus.
PIN
69
Innervation of extensor indicis proprius.
PIN
70
This nerve splits the supinator.
PIN
71
This nerve is located between the brachialis and brachioradialis.
Radial nerve
72
This nerve is located between the brachioradialis and ECRL.
Superficial radial nerve.
73
This nerve is located medial to the brachial artery at the elbow.
Median nerve.
74
This nerve splits the pronator teres.
AIN
75
This nerve is located between the FCU and FDP.
Ulnar nerve.
76
The ulnar nerve enters the forearm at this region.
Between two heads of the FCU.
77
Strongest supporting structure of the carpus.
Volar radiocarpal ligament.
78
Dorsal wrist compartment I contents.
APL, EPB
79
Dorsal wrist compartment II contents.
ECRL, ECRB
80
Dorsal wrist compartment III contents.
EPL
81
Dorsal wrist compartment IV contents.
EDC, EIP
82
Dorsal wrist compartment V contents.
EDM
83
Dorsal wrist compartment VI contents.
ECU
84
The EPB is located _____ to the APL tendon.
ulnar
85
This dorsal wrist tendon has multiple tendon slips.
APL
86
The ECRL tendon is located ____ to the ECRB tendon.
Radial.
87
The PIN is contained within the ____ dorsal wrist compartment.
IV
88
The anatomic snuffbox is bordered by tendons of the ___ and ___ dorsal wrist compartments.
1. First
| 2. Third
89
Radial snuffbox border.
EPB tendon
90
Ulnar snuffbox border.
EPL tendon
91
The carpal tunnel contains ___ nerve and ____ tendons.
One nerve, Nine tendons.
92
Most critical pulley.
A2
93
This pulley is involved in trigger digits.
A1
94
These pulleys originate from the palmar plates of joints.
A1, A3, A5 pulleys
95
Innervation of abductor pollicis brevis.
Median nerve.
96
Innervation of opponens pollicis.
Median nerve.
97
Innervation of adductor pollicis.
Ulnar nerve.
98
Innervation of dorsal interossei.
Ulnar nerve.
99
Innervation of volar interossei.
Ulnar nerve.
100
Interval of the dorsal approach to the wrist.
Between third and fourth dorsal compartments.
101
Number of vertebrae.
33.
102
Number of cervical vertebrae.
7.
103
Number of thoracic vertebrae.
12.
104
Number of lumbar vertebrae.
5.
105
Spine level of mandible.
C2-3
106
Spine level of hyoid cartilage.
C3
107
Spine level of thyroid cartilage.
C4-5
108
Spine level of cricoid cartilage.
C6
109
Spine level of vertebra prominens.
C7
110
Spine level of scapular spine.
T3
111
Spine level of distal tip of scapula.
T7
112
Spine level of iliac crest.
L4-5
113
This spine articulation has highest percentage of neck flexion/extension.
Occiput-C1 articulation.
114
This spine articulation is responsible for majority of neck rotation.
C1-2
115
Carotid tubercle is found at this spine level.
C6
116
Defect in the pars interarticularis.
Spondylolysis.
117
Structures of anterior column of spine.
ALL, anterior 2/3 of annulus and vertebral body
118
Structures of the middle column of spine.
Posterior 1/3 of annulus and vertebral body, PLL
119
Structures of the posterior column of spine.
Pedicles, facets, facet capsules, spinous processes, interspinous ligaments, ligament flavum, supraspinous ligaments
120
Major stabilizer of the atlantoaxial joint.
Transverse ligament.
121
Annulus fibrosus composed of this type of collagen.
Type I.
122
Central nucleus pulposus made of this type of collagen.
Type II.
123
Intervertebral discs account for ____ of the total height of the spinal column
25%
124
Platysma innervation.
Cranial nerve VII.
125
Sternocleidomastoid muscle innervation.
Cranial nerve XI.
126
Function of dorsal columns (3).
1. Deep touch
2. Proprioception
3. Vibratory sense
127
Dorsal columns: ascending or descending?
Ascending.
128
Function of lateral spinothalamic tracts (2).
1. Pain
| 2. Temperature
129
Function of anterior spinothalamic tracts.
Light touch.
130
Function of lateral corticospinal tract.
Voluntary motor.
131
Lateral corticospinal tract: ascending or descending?
Descending.
132
Biceps reflex neurologic level.
C5
133
Brachioradialis reflex neurologic level.
C6
134
Triceps reflex neurologic level.
C7
135
Patellar reflex neurorogic level.
L4
136
Achilles reflex neurologic level.
S1
137
Deltoid muscle neurologic level.
C5
138
Wrist extension neurologic level.
C6
139
Wrist flexion neurologic level.
C7
140
Finger flexion neurologic level.
C8
141
Interossei neurologic level.
T1
142
Tibialis anterior neurologic level.
L4
143
Toe extensors neurologic level.
L5
144
Distance of C1 spinous process to vertebral artery laterally.
2cm
145
Supplies the interior 2/3 or anterior spinal cord.
Artery of Adamkiewicz
146
Hip extension neurologic level.
S1
147
Hip adduction neurologic level.
L2-4
148
Hip abduction neurologic level.
L5
149
Hip flexion neurologic level.
T12-L3
150
Knee flexion neurologic level.
L5,S1
151
Knee extension neurologic level.
L2-L4
152
Ankle dorsiflexion neurologic level.
L4,5
153
Ankle plantarflexion neurologic level.
S1,S2
154
AIIS is the origin of these two structures.
1. Rectus femoris
| 2. Iliofemoral ligament
155
Inferior border of the greater sciatic foramen.
Sacrospinous ligament.
156
Most common neural injury at time of primary THA.
Peroneal division of sciatic nerve.
157
This nerve lies on the anteromedial surface of the psoas.
Genitofemoral nerve.
158
The femoral nerve lies between these two muscles most proximally.
Iliacus and psoas.
159
The LFCN exist the pelvis here.
Under lateral attachment of the inguinal ligament.
160
Borders of the femoral triangle.
1. Sartorius
2. Pectineus
3. Inguinal ligament
161
The aorta branches into common iliacs here.
L4.
162
Common iliac vessels bifurcate here.
S1
163
This cruciate ligament of knee has an anteromedial bundle.
ACL
164
This cruciate ligament of the knee has an anterolateral bundle.
PCL
165
________ bundles of ACL and PCL are tight in flexion.
Anterior bundles.
166
Isolated injury to PCL causes the greatest instability at this degree of flexion.
90 deg
167
Isolated injury to the posterolateral corner causes greatest instability at this degree fo flexion.
30 deg
168
Muscles in anterior compartment of leg (4).
1. Tibialis anterior
2. EHL
3. EDL
4. Peroneus tertius
169
Muscles in lateral compartment of leg (2).
1. Peroneus longus
| 2. Peroneus brevis
170
Muscles in the superficial posterior compartment of leg (2).
1. gastroc-soleus complex
| 2. Plantaris
171
Muscles in the deep posterior compartment of leg (4).
1. Popliteus
2. FHL
3. FDL
4. Tibalis posterior
172
Primary blood supply to talar body.
Artery of the tarsal canal (posterior tibial artery).
173
Blood supply to talus consists of these three.
1. Artery of tarsal canal (posterior tib.)
2. Superior neck vessels (anterior tib.)
3. Artery of the tarsal sinus (dorsalis pedis)
174
This tendon runs beneath the sustentaculum tali.
FHL
175
Initiator of hindfoot inversion during gait.
Posterior tibial tendon.
176
Two branches of the tibial nerve at the foot.
Medial and lateral plantar nerves.
177
Anterolateral ankle arthroscopy portal danger.
Dorsal intermediate cutaneous branch of SPN.
178
Anteromedial ankle arthroscopy portal danger.
Saphenous vein.
179
Lisfranc ligament connects these two bones.
Medial cuneiform to 2nd metatarsal.
180
Plantar heel spurs originate here.
In the flexor digitorum brevis.
181
In approaching the lateral lumbar spine through the psoas, the lumbosacral plexus is in danger of being injured. The location of the plexus is best described as which of the following
More ventral in the upper lumbar spine and more dorsal in the lower lumbar spine
182
A boutonniere deformity is treated with distal extensor tenotomy. What structures allow for active extension at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint after tenotomy
Oblique retinacular ligament
183
During posterior approach to the hip, sciatic nerve is found btw these two muscles
Piriformis
| Superior gemellus
184
Insertion of lumbrical
Radial lateral band of the extensor mechanism
185
Insertion of palmar interosseous muscle
Lateral band
186
Nerve at risk during coracoid transfer
Musculocutaneous
187
Contents of greater sciatic foramen
```
PISS
Pudental artery/nerve, Piriformis, Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Inferior gluteal NAV
Superior gluteal NAV
Sciatic nerve
```
188
Contents of the lesser sciatic foramen
POO
Pudendal nerve
Obturator internus muscle
Obturator internus nerve
189
Lumbosacral plexus
```
I Twice Get Laid On Fridays
Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal
Genitofemoral
LFCN
Obturator nerve
Femoral nerve
```
190
The iliopectineal fascia runs between which of the following structures
Iliopsoas muscle
| Iliac vessesl
191
Ridge that separates the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL
Lateral bifurcate ridge
192
In radial nerve palsy, last nerve to be reinnervated
Extensor indicis proprius
193
First nerve branch off of PIN
ECRB
194
The axis of forearm rotation occurs between what two anatomic points
Radial head
| Ulnar styloid
195
Muscle that best distinguishes an L5 radiculopathy from peroneal neuropathy
Tibialis posterior
196
Spinal support muscles
I Like Standing (lateral to medial)
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
197
Extended exposure of the posteromedial aspect of the knee is obtained btw the medial border of the gastric & semimembranosus tendon --- further exposure requires elevation of what muscle
popliteus
198
Orientaiton of the EIP tendon relative to the EDC tendons in the 4th dorsal compartment
EIP is deep and ulnar to EDC
| EIP has more distal muscle belly
199
During anterior approach to the lumbar spine, nerve that is lying on the anteromedial surface of the psoas
Genitofemoral
200
Most common route that the LFCN enters the thigh
Passes under the inguinal ligament
201
During open surgical hip dislocation, time at which the femoral head blood supply is most at risk
Release of the anteroinferior capsule
202
Tendon that inserts just lateral to the long head of the biceps on the proximal humerus
Pectoralis major
203
Anatomy of the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve during medial meniscal repair
Posterior to the sartorius. Anterior to the semitendinosus with the knee in extension
204
Primary blood supply to the capital femoral epiphysis in a 10 year old
Posterosuperior and posteroinferior retinacular branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery
205
During anterior approach to the shoulder, most likely arterial structure to be encountered along the superior extent of the deltopec interval
Acromial branch of the thoracodorsal artery
206
Innervation of short head of the biceps femoris
Common peroneal nerve
207
Function of peroneus tertius
Dorsiflexion and eversion
