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Sem 2 - Case 1 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the sections of the sternum

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid process
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2
Q

Which costal cartilages does the Manubrium articulate with?

A

1st rib and half of 2nd

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3
Q

What marks the level of the 2nd rib?

A

Sternal angle

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4
Q

The body of the sternum articulates with the costal cartilages of which ribs?

A

3-6

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5
Q

the Xiphoid process is located at the level of which vertebrae?

A

T10

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6
Q

What are the two general classifications of ribs?

A

typical and atypical

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7
Q

name the atypical ribs

A

Rib 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12

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8
Q

What are the features of typical ribs?

A

Consist of a head, neck and body

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9
Q

Describe the head of a typical rib

A

wedge shaped, two articular facets. One articulates with the numerically corresponding vertebrae, the other articulates with the vertebrae above

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10
Q

What part of a typical rib articulates with the transverse process of corresponding vertebrae?

A

the tubercle (located where the neck meets the body)

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11
Q

How is the body (or shaft) of a typical rib adapted to protect the neuromusclular supply of the thorax?

A

Contains a groove on the internal surface

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12
Q

what is atypical about rib 1?

A

shorter and wider, has only one facet on its head, the superior surface is marked by two grooves which make way for the subclavian vessels

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13
Q

What type of joints are the posterior articulations of the ribs and the vertebrae?

A

synovial

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14
Q

describe the posterior joints does each vertebrae

A
  1. costotransverse joint - articulates between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae
  2. costovertebral - between the head of the rib, superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebrae and the inferior costal surface of the vertebrae above
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15
Q

Which ribs attach independently to the sternum?

A

1-7

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16
Q

Which ribs are sometimes referred to as floating ribs and why?

A

11 and 12. they do not have an anterior attachment and end in the abdominal musculature

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17
Q

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic vertebral column?

A

12

18
Q

What are the distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae? (4)

A
  1. vertebral body is heart shaped
  2. presence of demi-facets on the sides of each vertebral body
  3. presence of costal facets on the transverse processes
  4. Spinous processes, which are long and slant inferiorly
19
Q

what two joints are present between vertebrae throughout the vertebral column?

A
  1. Cartilaginous joint known as a symphysis between the vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae (joined by an intervertebral disc)
  2. a synovial joint between the vertebral arches
20
Q

In what angle to external intercostal muscles travel from the superior rib to inferior rib?

A

They run inferoanteriorly

21
Q

how many pairs of external intercostal muscles are there?

A

11

22
Q

what are the attachments, actions and innervation of the intercostal muscles?

A

Attachments - originates from lower boarder of the superior rib, and inserts ont eh superior boarder of rib below
Actions - elevate the ribs, increase the thoracic volume
Innervation - intercostal nerves T1-T11

23
Q

what angle do internal intercostal muscles run?

A

inferoposteriorly

24
Q

what separates the internal intercostal muscles from the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal neurovascular bundle

25
Q

what are the origins and insertions of the transversus thoracis muscles

A

origins - posterior surface of the sternum

insertions - internal surfaces of the costal cartilages 2-6

26
Q

where do the intercostal veins on the right side drain?

A

Azygos system

27
Q

where to the upper posterior intercostal veins on the left side drain?

A

they join together to formt he left superior intercostal vein and empty into the brachiocephalic vein

28
Q

What are the peripheral attachments of the diaphragm?

A

peripheral attachments -
lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments,
costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 (attach directly to ribs 11 an 12) and
Xiphoid process of the sternum

29
Q

what is the central attachment of the diaphragm?

A

central tendon, which ascends to fuse with the inferior surface of the fibrous pericardium

30
Q

At what level does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

31
Q

what passes through the diaphragm as level T10

A

Oesophagus
right and left vagus nerves
oesophageal branches of left gastric artery/vein

32
Q

Aortic hiatus is at which level and what does it contain?

A

T12, aorta, thoracic duct and azygous vein

33
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

34
Q

what are the roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3,4,5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

35
Q

which arteries supply the majority of the diaphragm? and where do they arise?

A

the phrenic arteries, arise directly form the abdominal aorta

36
Q

what type of cartilage is costal cartilage?

A

hyaline

37
Q

which vertebral level doe the jugular notch lie?

A

T2

38
Q

which thoracic vertebra is the sternal angle located?

A

T4

39
Q

at which vertebral level does the xiphisternum lie?

A

T10

40
Q

what are the boundries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

anteriorly - manubrium
laterally - first rib and costal cartilage
posteriorly - T1

41
Q

name the 4 parts of the parietal pleura

A

mediastinal
diaphragmatic
cervical
costal

42
Q

What are the names of the areas of the vertebrae which connect?

A

superior and inferior articular facets

Sem 2 - Case 1 (3 decks)

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