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Science for Medicine B Anatomy > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What membrane covers the bone and what is it function?

A

Periosteum

Helps nourish bines and provides an interface for attachment of tendons and ligaments

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2
Q

What membrane covers cartilage and what is its function

A

Perichondrium

Growth and repair of cartilage

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3
Q

How many cervical vertebrae

A

7

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4
Q

How many thoracic vertebra

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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6
Q

How many sacral vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae

A

4 (fused)

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8
Q

An X ray is good for imaging

A

Bones

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9
Q

Barium swallow is good for imaging

A

Soft tissue and bone

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10
Q

CT scan is good for imaging

A

Organs and tissue

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11
Q

Ultrasound is good for imaging

A

Soft tissue

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12
Q

In MRI bone is always____

A

grey

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13
Q

Axial

A

Skull, ribcage and vertebral column

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14
Q

Appendicular

A

Shoulder, arm, hand, pelvic girdle and lower limbs

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15
Q

Condyle

A

smooth end of a bone, covered with cartilage that articulates with the condyle of another bone

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16
Q

Epicondyle

A

Protruding area above or below the condyle for attachments of ligaments

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17
Q

Fossa

A

A shallow depression

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18
Q

Sulcus

A

A narrow groove

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19
Q

Tuberosity

A

A rough projection

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20
Q

Tubercle

A

Small round projection

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21
Q

Appendicular muscles are supplied by

A

Nerve plexus

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22
Q

Axial muscles are supplied

A

segmentally

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23
Q

Hilton’s law

A

The nerve supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a joint also innervates the joint

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24
Q

Histology of Skeletal Muscle (4)

A

Long slender
Multinucleate
Cross striations
Peripherally placed nuclei

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25
Q

Histology of Smooth Muscle (3)

A

No cross striations
Mononucleate
Centrally situated nuclei

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26
Q

Histology of Cardiac Muscle (4)

A

Cross striated
Single central nucleus
Cells are branched
Intercalated sics contain gap junctions

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27
Q

Function of Gap Junctions

A

allow the muscle cells to contract in synchrony

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28
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone

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29
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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30
Q

Ventral Ramus

A

Innervate limbs anteriorly

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31
Q

Brachial plexus innervates

A

Upper limbs

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32
Q

Lumbrosacral plexus innervates

A

Lower limbs

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33
Q

Dorsal root

A

Sensory

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34
Q

Ventral root

A

Motor

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35
Q

Spinal Nerve

A

Mixed (motor and sensory)

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36
Q

Dorsal Rami=

A

Mixed to back (erector spinae)

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37
Q

Ventral Rami=

A

Mixed to all anterior regions of the body

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38
Q

T2 dermatome

A

Sternomanubrial joint

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39
Q

T4 dermatome

A

Nipples

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40
Q

T10 dermatome

A

Skin over naval

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41
Q

L1 dermatome

A

Skin over groin region

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42
Q

Primary Cartilage Joint

A

Hyaline cartilage

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43
Q

Examples of primary cartilage

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

Joint between sterum and first rib

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44
Q

Secondary Cartilage Joint

A

Involves hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage

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45
Q

Examples of secondary cartilage

A

Symphysis Pubis

IV disc

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46
Q

Osteogenic cells of periosteum

A

Osteoblasts

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47
Q

Bone length growth (Interstitial)

A

Epiphyseal Growth Plate

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48
Q

Bone Diameter Growth (Apositional)

A

Periosteum

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49
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Flat fibrous tissue that allows muscle to muscle attachment and muscle to bone attachment

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50
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Crosses 2 joints (elbow and shoulder)

Flexes arm and forearm

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51
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Crosses 2 joints (elbow and shoulder)

Extensor of forearm

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52
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Crosses 1 joint elbow
Anterior muscle
Flexion of elbow joint

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53
Q

Brachialis

A

Crosses 1 joint
Elbow
Acts on radio-ulnar
Flexion in all positions

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54
Q

Anterior muscles

A

Flexor

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55
Q

Posterior muscles

A

Extensor

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56
Q

Features of Hyaline Cartilage

A

Chnodrocyte, matrix, lacunae

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57
Q

Features of spongy bone

A

Trabecular bone

Adipose tissue

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58
Q

Features of Compact bone

A 
Haversion/Osteon System
Osteocytes
Lacunae
Lamellae
Haversian Canal
Volkmann's Canal
Cannuculi
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59
Q

Deltoid, pectoralis major are what type of muscles

A

Appendicular

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60
Q

Oblique, rectus abdomninis and intercostal are what type of muscles

A

Axial

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61
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Anterior= subscalpulatis
Posterior = Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Supraspinous muscle

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62
Q

Tendon connects

A

Bone to muscle

63
Q

Brachial plexus innervate____ and orginate

A

Upper limbs and C5-T1

64
Q

Lumbosacral plexus innervate_____ and orginate

A

Lowe limbs and L1-S4

65
Q

Insertion is____

A

Superior

66
Q

Origin

A

Inferior

67
Q

Mastoid

A

Superior (insertion)

68
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle that inserts and mastoid and originates at clavicle and manibrum of sternum

69
Q

Clavicle and Manibrum of sternum

A

Origin

70
Q

Intermuscular septum

A

Separates compartments of posterior and anterior muscles

71
Q

Epineurium

A

Surrounds whole nerve structure

72
Q

Perineurium

A

Surround bundles of nerves

73
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds individual nerves

74
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds whole muscle structure

75
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds bundles of muscle fibres

76
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds individual muscle fibres

77
Q

C1

A

Atlas

78
Q

C2

A

Axis

79
Q

C7

A

Vertebra Prominens

80
Q

Joint between C1 and C2

A

Pivot synovial

81
Q

Movement between C1 and C2

A

rotation

82
Q

Cervical Vertebrae spinous process

A

Ends in a double point

83
Q

Cervical Pedicle

A

Short

84
Q

Cervical Vertebral foramen

A

Large and triangular

85
Q

Cervical Lower articular facet face____

A

downward and forward

86
Q

Cervical Upper articular facet

A

upwards and inwards

87
Q

What connects the articular facets in Cervical vertebrae

A

Articular Pillar

88
Q

Transverse Foramen in Cervical vertebrae

A

Forman Transversarium

89
Q

What passes through Foramen Transversarium

A

Vertebral artery

90
Q

Movement in cervical vertebrae

A

Forward flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion

91
Q

What plane is the cervical vertebrae in

A

Horizontal plane

92
Q

Rib articulation of thoracic vertebrae

A

Costal Facet

93
Q

Types of costal facet

A

Transverse
Superior
Inferior

94
Q

Joint between thoracic facets

A

Synovial planar joinr

95
Q

How many ribs are there

A

12 pairs

96
Q

Thoracic Articular process

A

Superior- straight backward

Inferior - Forward

97
Q

Thoracic Spinous process faces

A

Downwards

98
Q

Transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

A

Faces sideways

99
Q

Inferior vertebral notch form

A

intervertebra foramen

100
Q

Costovertebral ligament

A

joint between costal facets

101
Q

Movement of thoracic vertebrae

A

forward flexion (little) , lateral flexion and rotation

102
Q

Thoracic vertebrae plane

A

Coronal

103
Q

Lumbar vertebrae transverse process

A

small

104
Q

Lumbar vertebrae spinous process

A

point straight backwards

105
Q

Lumbar upper articular process

A

Face inwards

106
Q

Lumbar lower articular process

A

face outwards

107
Q

Lumbar articular process allows what type of movement

A

flexion, extension, lateral flexion

108
Q

Lumbar vertebrae plane

A

Saggital

109
Q

Intervertebral Disc

A

Anulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

110
Q

Lateral view of vertebrae

A 
Interspinous ligaments
Supraspinous ligaments
Intervertebral forman
Ligamentum Flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
111
Q

Purpose of longitudinal ligaments

A

Limits extension and flexion of spine

112
Q

Sacrum contains 2

A

articular processes for lumbar vertebrae

113
Q

Most anterior part on sacrum

A

sacral promontony

114
Q

Pelvic sacral foramen

A

S1-S4 (ventral Rami)

115
Q

Dorsal sacral foramen

A

Dorsal Rami

116
Q

Pelvis =

A

Articular surface of sacral and Hip bone

117
Q

Muscle attachment in sacrum

A

Iliac crest

118
Q

Erector spinae

A

Runs from sacrum to upper part of thorax

Keep body upright

119
Q

3 distinct muscles in erector spinae

A

Spinalis
Longissimus Thoracis
Iliocostalis Lumborum

120
Q

Simultaneous contraction of anterior and posterior

A

Coughing
Vomiting
Childbirth

121
Q

Meninges of spinal cord

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

122
Q

Space between dura and vertebrae

A

Epidural space

123
Q

Space between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural space

124
Q

Space between arachnoid and pia

A

Subarachnoid space

Contains CSF

125
Q

Sleeve of dura sac descends to

A

S3

126
Q

In cervical region each spinal nerve takes its number from

A

the vertebrae below

127
Q

In the other regions each spinal nerve takes its number from

A

the vertebrae above

128
Q

Structure of spinal cord

A 
Thoracic spinal nerves
Lumbar enlargment
Conus Medularis
Cauda Equina
Filum Terminale
129
Q

Cauda Equina emerge from

A

Conus medularis

L2-S5

130
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Attaches to first segment of coccyx and anchors end of dural sac

131
Q

Vertebral Prominems

A

C7

132
Q

Spine of scalpula

A

T3

133
Q

Inferior angle of scalpula

A

T7

134
Q

Summit of iliac crest

A

L4

135
Q

Spinal cord in adult ends in

A

L1/L2

136
Q

Spinal cord in child ends in

A

L3

137
Q

Thoracic duct is located

A

in between azygous vein and thoracic aorta

138
Q

Thoracic duct commences at the Cisterna Chyli at

A

L1

139
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

Brachial plexus

140
Q

Lumbar enlargement

A

Lumbar-sacral plexus

141
Q

Sympathetic fibres emerge from spinal cord between

A

T1-L2 (lateral horns)

142
Q

Somatic nerves emerge from

A

C1-T10

143
Q

Splanchnic nerve

A

Sympathetic trunk ganglion&raquo_space; Splanchnic nerve&raquo_space; Celiac ganglion = Visceral effector (intestine)

144
Q

Where do the splanchnic nerves originate

A

T5/6-T12

145
Q

Parasympathetic Nerves

A

Cranial(3,7,9,10) and S2-S4

146
Q

Pelvic plexus is located

A

on each side of the rectum

147
Q

Pelvic plexus consists of

A

mixed autonomic plexus

distribute both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres

148
Q

Name of Bone diameter growth and where it occurs

A

Apositional and Periosteum

149
Q

Name of Bone length grow and where it occurs

A

Interstitial and epiphyseal plate

150
Q

What drains the vertebrae and the spinal cord

A

Vertebral venous plexus

151
Q

Where is the vertebral venous plexus found

A

In the epidural space

152
Q

The veins in the vertebral venous plexus contain no____

A

valves

153
Q

between which vertebral levels does the sympathetic chain extend

A

C1- end of coccyx

Science for Medicine B Anatomy (1 decks)

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