Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the relation of the visceral organs to the peritoneum:

Answer 1

Primary retroperitoneal: 
- Kidneys 
- Adrenals 
- Ureters 
Secondary retroperitoneal: 
- Duodenum 
- Pancreas 
- Ascending colon 
- Descending colon 

Intraperitoneal:

• Stomach
• Liver
• Caecum and appendix
• Transverse colon
• Sigmoid colon
• Spleen

Question 2

What are the 3 narrowings of the oesophagus?

Answer 2

1. Cervical:
   - Upper oesophageal sphincter
   - Supplied by inferior thyroid artery
   - Drained by brachio-cephalic
2. Thoracic:
   - Aortic arch
   - Supplied by oesophageal branch of aorta
3. Diaphragmatic orifice
   - Left gastric artery

Question 3

What are the features of the jejenum?

Answer 3

• Large diameter, thick walls and many folds
• Arteries with short arcades and long vasa recta
• Less fat

Question 4

What are the features of the ileum?

Answer 4

• Narrower diameter, thin walls and less folds
• Arteries have long arcades and short vasa recta
• More fat
• Contain Peyer’s patches

Question 5

What is the difference between a direct vs indirect hernia?

Answer 5

Direct:
- through weak abdominal muscles

Indirect:
- through deep inguinal ring (hole in fascia traversalis)