Anatomy Flashcards
(36 cards)
List the arterial supply to the upper limb - proximal to distal
Subclavian Axillary Brachial Deep brachial Radial and Ulnar Deep & superficial palmar arches Metacarpal and digital arteries
List the arterial supply to the lower limb - proximal to distal
External iliac Deep femoral Perforating artery Femoral artery Popliteal artery Anterior tibial artery Posterior tibial Dorsalis pedis Medial and lateral plantar Arcuate Metatarsal & digital
How can you reduce blood flow to the arm
Put pressure between the subclavian and the first rib
Important in trauma
What are end arteries
The only blood supply to an area
Untreated occlusion of these arteries leads to infarction
The digital arteries are end
Where is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
The neck
Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage
Where does the brachial artery lie
Medial to biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
Where does the radial artery lie
Lateral to tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Where does the femoral artery lie
Inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament
Where does the popliteal artery lie
In popliteal fossa (immediately posterior to knee joint)
Where does the posterior tibial artery lie
Between the posterior border of the medial malleolus & the achilles tendon
Where dorsalis pedis artery lie
Medial to tendon of extensor hallucis longus distal to the ankle joint
what is ischaemia
inadequate oxygenation of cells/tissues due to an interruption to blood supply
What can reduce arterial perfusion pressure
Left ventricular failure Arterial bleed Arterial rupture (aneurysm) Occlusion of lumen Arterial spasm External compression
What can increase venous drainage pressure
Right (or congestive) cardiac failure
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
External compression
What are the features of superficial veins
Smaller, thinner Run in superficial fascia Highly variable Drain into deep veins More likely to become varicosed
What are the features of deep veins
Larger, thicker Run deep to deep fascia Lie within muscle compartments More predictable Occur in neurovascular bundles - lie with artery and nerve
Describe superficial fascia
Loose connective tissue and fat
Varies in depth
Contains superficial blood vessels, cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and sweat glands
Describe deep fascia
Relatively tough and sheet like
Dense connective tissue
Usually white, sometimes glistening appearance
Covers most of the body deep to skin and superficial fascia
Divides limbs into compartments
List the deep fascia of the upper limb
Pectoral fascia
Deltoid
Brachial
Antebrachial
List the deep fascia of the lower limb
Fascia lata = thigh
Iliotibial tract/band - connects hip to outside of leg
Crural fascia - leg
What is the function of deep fascia
Invests muscles
Forms intramuscular septa- compartments
Venous return
Describe the path of the cephalic vein
Arises from dorsal venous network Travels along the lateral aspect of limb Enters deltopectoral groove Drains into axillary vein Becomes subclavian at lateral border of rib 1
Describe the path of the basilic vein
Arises from dorsal venous network
Medial aspect of limb
Drains into brachial veins by travelling through the deep fascia (level of mid-arm)
Describe the median cubital vein
Connects the cephalic and basilic
Found in the cubital fossa - crook of the elbow
The vein you commonly take blood samples from
Some people have variations where they lack this
