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Alimentary > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What muscular structure encloses the abdominal cavity anterolaterally?

A

Abdominal Wall Muscles

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2
Q

What muscular structure lies superior to the abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

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3
Q

What muscular structure is continuous inferiorly to the abdominal cavity?

A

Pelvic Floor Muscles

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4
Q

What bony structure is posterior to the abdominal cavity?

A

Lumbar Vertebral Column

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5
Q

What word is used to describe organs completely covered in visceral peritoneum?

A

Intraperitoneal/Peritonised

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6
Q

Give an example of an intraperitoneal organ?

A

Stomach/Spleen

Also Liver, bulb of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

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7
Q

What word describes organs partially covered with peritoneum?

A

Extraperitoneal/Retroperitoneal

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8
Q

Gve an example of a retroperitoneal organ?

A

Kidneys

(Also - SAD PUCKER! 
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava
D = Duodenum (second and third segments)
P = Pancreas
U = Ureters
C = Colon (ascending and descending only)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum)
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9
Q

What are the openings in the diaphragm, and what structures pass through?

A 
Caval opening (T8 - IVC)
Oesophageal hiatus (T10)
Aortic Hiatus (T12)
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10
Q

What is more inferior - the posterior or anterior surface of the diagram?

A

The posterior surface of the diaphragm lies more inferior

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11
Q

What two muscles comprise the Iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

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12
Q

What deep abdominal muscle, commonly referred to as a back muscle, attaches to the 12th rib and the lumbar vertbrae?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

Where is the linea alba?

A

Where the anterior abdominal wall muscles meet in the midline (a rathe)

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14
Q

What exists between the layers of peritoneum?

A

Peritoneal fluid (and potential space)

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15
Q

What type of peritoneum has pain sensation?

A

Parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

Where does the lesser omentum attach to?

A

Stomach and Liver

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17
Q

Where does the greater omentum attach to?

A

Stomach and Transverse Colon

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18
Q

Which parts of the intestine have a mesentery?

A 
Small intestine
Transverse Colon (Greater mesentery)
Sigmoid Colon (Sigmoid mesocolon)
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19
Q

What ‘links’ the greater and lesser sac?

A

Epiploic foramen

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20
Q

What are the 9 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

R Hypochondriym, Epigastrium,
L Hypochondrium,
R Lumbar, Periumbilical,
L Lumbar, R Iliac Fossa, Hypogastrium, L Iliac Fossa

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21
Q

List some conditions affecting foregut structures

A

Peptic Ulcer/Gastric Disease
Biliary/Pancreatic Disease
Hepatic Disease

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22
Q

List some conditions affecting midgut structures

A

Appendicitis,
Small bowel obstruction,
‘Proximal’ colon cancer

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23
Q

List some conditions affecting hindgut structures

A

Large bowel obstruction
Diverticular disease
Carcinoma of colon

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24
Q

What are the three constrictions of the oesophagus?

A

Cervical, Thoracic (Crossed by arch of aorta), Diaphragmatic (Oesophageal Hiatus)

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25
Q

What lies in the triangle of calot?

A

Cystic artery

26
Q

What surface landmark can be used to locate the fundus of the gallbladder?

A

9th costal cartilage (R side)

27
Q

Is the spleen a mobile organ?

A

Yes

28
Q

What surface landmark can be used to locate the spleen?

A

Ribs 9-11 (L side)

29
Q

What is the vertebral origin of the celiac trunk?

A

T12

30
Q

What are the main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

31
Q

What structures make up the midgut?

A

The second part of the duodenum to proximal 2/3rds of the transverse colon

32
Q

Which part of the duodenum receives the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Second part of the duodenum

33
Q

Which part of the small intestine has more vascularity - jejunum or ileum?

A

Jejunum

34
Q

Which part of the small intestine has longer vasa recta - jejunum or ileum?

A

Jejunum

35
Q

Which part of the small intestine has more peyer;s patches (lymphoid nodules) - jejunum or ileum?

A

Ileum

36
Q

What is the vertebral origin of the superior mesenteric artery?

A

L1

37
Q

What vein anteriorly cross the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Splenic vein

38
Q

What structures make up the hindgut?

A

Distal third of the transverse colon -> Anal Canal

39
Q

How can the large intestine be distinguished from the small intestine?

A

Omental Appedices
Haustra
Teniae coli

40
Q

What is the most common position of the appendix?

A

Retrocaecal

41
Q

What is Macburney’s point?

A

Point of maximum tenderness in acute appendicitis

42
Q

What is the vertebral origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

43
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

44
Q

What is the vertebral origin of the recto-sigmoid junction?

A

Anterior to S3

45
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the andominal organs?

A 
Vagus nerve (CNX)
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
46
Q

What provides sympathetic innervation to the andominal organs?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
(greater – T5-T9, lesser-T10-T11 and least –T12)

Preveretebral sympathetic ganglia

Abdominal aortic plexus

47
Q

What two veins form the hepatic portal vein?

A

Splenic Vein

Superior Mesenteric Vein

48
Q

List some sites of porto-systemic anastomoses

A

Anorectal junction
Gastroeosophageal junction
Around umbilicus

49
Q

What conditions can arise at porto-systemic anastomoses as a result of portal onstruction?

A

Haemorrhoids/Piles
Oesophageal varices
Caput Medusae

50
Q

What are the three groups of lumbar lymph nodes?

A

Pre-aortic (celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric nodes),
Lateral aortic (Drains organs supplied by lateral aortic branches),
Retro-aortic (drains posterior wall)

51
Q

What are the three oblique muscles that make up the lateral anterior abdominal wall?

A

External oblique,
Internal oblique,
Transverse Abdominus

52
Q

What is the name of the line that marks the transition zone in the rectum from columnar epithelium to squamous, and marks the boundary of sensation?

A

Dentate line

53
Q

What vertebral level does the oesophagus terminate?

A

T11-12

54
Q

What muscles produce oesophageal peristalsis?

A

Oesophageal circular muscles

55
Q

What mediates both peristalsis of the oesophagus and relaxation of the LOS?

A

Vagus Nerve

56
Q

What makes up the physiological LOS sphincter?

A

Striated muscle of right crus of diaphragm

57
Q

What is the main microscopic difference between the mucosa of the small and large bowel?

A

The small bowel has villi

58
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain into?

A

Splenic vein

59
Q

What extracolonic structures are in contact with the right colon?

A

R Kidney
R ureter
R gonadal vessel

60
Q

What extracolonic structures are in contact with the transverse colon?

A

Stomach
Pancreas
Duodenum

61
Q

What extracolonic structures are in contact with the left colon?

A

Spleen
L Kidney
L ureter
L gonadal vessel

Alimentary (4 decks)

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