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Thorax > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior relations of thymus

A

Pretracheal fascia

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Manubrium

Upper part of sternum

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2
Q

Blood supply to intercostals

A

1-2 = superior intercostal A

2-6 = internal thoracic A

7-10 = musculophrenic A

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3
Q

Divisions of subclavian A

A

1st part = origin to medial border of anterior scalene

2nd part = posterior to anterior scalene

3rd part = lateral border of anterior scalene to lateral border of 1st rib

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4
Q

Br of subclavian A

A

1st part:

  1. Vertebral A
  2. Internal thoracic A
  3. Thyrocervical trunk

2nd part:

  1. Costocervical A
  2. Dorsal scapular A

3rd part:
None

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5
Q

Br of thyrocervical trunk

A

Inferior thyroid A

Superficial cervical A

Suprascapular A

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6
Q

Br of costocervical trunk

A

Superior intercostal A

Deep cervical A

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7
Q

Posterior relations of thymus

A
  1. Pericardium
  2. Arch of aorta + x3 br
  3. L brachiocephalic
  4. Trachea
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8
Q

Bifurcation / termination of internal thoracic A

A

6th IC space into:

  1. Superior epigastric A
  2. Musculophrenic A
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9
Q

Embryological origin of the diaphragm

A

4 components:

  1. Septum transversum - central tendon
  2. Pleuroperitoneal membranes - closes the
    pericardioperitoneal canal
  3. Dorsal mesentery of the oesophagus - crus’ grow
    within it
  4. Muscular components from somites @ levels (C3-C5)
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10
Q

Cause for congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane w/ the septum transversum + dorsal mesentery of the oesophagus

Fusion closes the pericardioperitoneal canal

L pericardioperitoneal canal + therefore, is more likely to remain patent -> congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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11
Q

Derivatives of the septum transversum

A
  1. Central tendon of the diaphgram
  2. Falciform lig
  3. Coronary lig of the liver
  4. Lesser omentum
  5. CT of liver / GB
  6. Kuppfer cells
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12
Q

Level of the nipple

A

= 4th intercostal space

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13
Q

Levels of the domes of the diaphragm

A

R dome sits higher than the L dome

R = 4th IC space (nipples) in expiration

L = 5th IC space in expiration

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14
Q

Origins of the x3 arcuate lig

A

Median = crura

Medial = psoas fascia

Lateral = quadrates lumborum fascia

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15
Q

Prevertebral fascia

A

Sup attach - cranial base

Inf attach - body of T4 (fuses w/ the ant longitudinal attach)

Ext laterally below the clavicle forming the axillary sheath

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16
Q

Pretracheal fascia

A

Sup attach - hyoid bone / oblique line of thyroid cartilage

Inf attach - adventitia of arch / fibrous pericardium

17
Q

Aortic arches

A

Arch 1 = part of maxillary + external carotid A

Arch 2 = part of stapedial + hyoid A

Arch 3 = common carotid / 1st part of internal carotid A

Arch 4 = part of aortic arch + proximal R subclavian A

Arch 5 = disappears

Arch 6 = pulm A + ductus arteriosus

18
Q

Course of R vagus N

A

Runs in the carotid sheath initially posterior -> lateral

Passes through the thoracic inlet posterior to the subclavian V + anterior to the subclavian A

Gives off the recurrent laryngeal N, which hooks around the subclavian A + ascends to the thyroid

Passes medial to the azygos arch

Runs posterior to the hilum

Pierces the diaphragm w/ the oesophagus @ T10

19
Q

Course of L vagus N

A

Runs in the carotid sheath initially posterior -> lateral

Passes through the thoracic inlet posterior to the subclavian V + anterior to the subclavian A

Passes anterior to the aortic arch where it gives off the recurrent laryngeal N, which hooks around the ligament arteriosum

Runs posterior to the hilum

Pierces the diaphragm w/ the oesophagus @ T10

20
Q

Oesophageal constrictions

A
  1. Cricoid cartilage = 15cm (known as the cervical constriction)
  2. Crossing of aortic arch = 22.5cm
  3. L bronchus = 27cm
  4. Diaphragmatic hiatus = 40cm
    * distance in cm from the incisor teeth*
21
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. Overriding aorta
  2. High VSD
  3. Pulmonary stenosis
  4. RV hypertrophy
22
Q

Embryological divisions of the heart

A
  1. Truncus arteriosus - pulmonary trunk + asc aorta
  2. Bulbus cordis - smooth outflow tracts of ventricles
  3. Ventricle
  4. Atria
  5. Sinus venosus
    • R sinus horn = SVC (common cardinal vein)
      IVC (vitelline vein)
    • L sinus horn = coronary sinus
23
Q

Epithelium of respiratory tract

A

Pseudo-stratified epithelium

24
Q

Trachea

A

Origin = inf border of the cricothyroid cartilage

End = bifurcation @ T4/T5

Length = 10cm, 5cm cervical + 5cm thoracic
~16-20 C-shaped hyaline cartilage incomplete rings

25
Q

Emergency cricothyroidotomy

A

= incision through the cricothyroid membrane

26
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Incision 2cm below cricoid cartilage

Interval between x2 sternohyoid muscles

Retract laterally L + R sternothyroids

Divide thyroid isthmus

Circular incision through 2nd + 3rd tracheal rings

27
Q

Blood supply of trachea

A
  1. Inferior thyroid A

2. Bronchial A

28
Q

N supply of trachea

A

Vagus directly + recurrent laryngeal br

Sympathetic from upper thoracic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

29
Q

Relation of transverse sinus to inflow/outflow tracts of the heart

A

Anterior to transverse sinus = aorta + pulm trunk

Posterior to transverse sinus = SVC + pulm Vs

30
Q

Embryonic vein origins

A

Anterior cardinal vein = brachiocephalic Vs

Supracardinal vein = azygos / hemiazygos / accessory

R Subcardinal vein = IVC

Subcardinal anastomosis = L renal vein

Sacrocardinal anastomosis = lower IVC, common iliac V

31
Q

Embryonic vein origins of the IVC

A

R vitelline V
R subcardinal V
R sacrocardinal V
Sacrocardinal anastomosis

32
Q

Veins that drain into R brachiocephalic

A
  1. R Internal jugular V
  2. R subclavian V
  3. R supreme IC V
  4. R internal thoracic V
  5. R vertebral V

Thorax (1 decks)

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