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Epic Vision > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The aqueous humor drains through the ____?

A

Canal of Schlemm

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2
Q

What is the function of the aqueous humor?

A

1) Maintains pressure (intraocular pressure or IOP)

2) provides nutrients to the lens and cornea

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3
Q

The aqueous humor is watery fluid produced by ______?

A

Ciliary body

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4
Q

Anisometropia

A
  • an unequal refractive power in two eyes

- each eye has a different power

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5
Q

Accommodation

A

Process of focusing on objects based on their distance

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6
Q

Photophobia

A

Extreme sensitivity to light

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7
Q

Asthenopia

A

Eye strain

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8
Q

Meibomitis

A

Inflammation of the oil producing glands of the eye

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9
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid (eyelashes)

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10
Q

Strabismus

A

One eye is aligned and the other is not—This is the general term, then there are more specific names depending on which way the eye is turning.

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11
Q

Too little power, so when the eye is relaxed, light focuses behind the retina

A

Hyperopia

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12
Q

Too much power, so light is focused in the front of the retina

A

Myopia

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13
Q

What is the term for “lazy eye”?

A

Amblyopia

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14
Q

The loss of elasticity of the lens causing the inability to focus sharply for near vision is called?

A

Presbyopia

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15
Q

What is the general term for too little or too much power to focus light on the retina?

A

Refractive error— ametropia

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16
Q

What is the term for an eye that is free of refractive errors?

A

Emmetropia

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17
Q

What is the final destination of light in the eye?

A

Retina

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18
Q

The photoreceptors cells in the retina are called ______?

A

Rods and Cones

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19
Q

Rods help with ____ vision and _______ vision.

A

Night vision
Peripheral vision
Detect movement

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20
Q

What do the cones do?

A

See detail and color detection

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21
Q

How many types of cones are there?

A

3

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22
Q

What are the three types of cones?

A

Red, green, blue

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23
Q

When do refractive errors occur?

A

When abnormalities of the eye prevent the proper focus of light on the retina

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24
Q

What are two types of refractive errors?

A

Myopia and hyperopia

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25
Q

If the eye is longer than normal or if the curve of the cornea is too steep, causing light rays to focus in front of the retina, you are ______ sighted.

A

Near sighted/ myopia

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26
Q

Patients with myopia are able to see objects at ______ ( near or distance)

A

Near

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27
Q

Myopia can be corrected with a _______ powered lens.

A

Minus

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28
Q

This occurs when. the eye is too short or the curve of the cornea is too flat.

A

Hyperopia

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29
Q

When light rays focus behind the retina, you are ___?

A

Hyperopic/ far sighted

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30
Q

What kind of lens will restore vision if you have hyperopia?

A

Plus powered lens

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31
Q

What are the refractive errors?

A

Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia

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32
Q

What refractive error occurs when light rays are focused on more than one point on the retina?

A

Astigmatism

33
Q

How is astigmatism compensated for?

A

Use a cylinder powered lens along the appropriate axis.

34
Q

What is the condition where the crystalline lens is unable to add sufficient power to focus at near?

A

Presbyopia

35
Q

What is the condition where one eye is myopic and the other is hyperopic?

A

Antimetropia

36
Q

What is diplopia?

A

Double vision

37
Q

What is the function of the medial rectus?

A

Moves eye inward toward the nose

38
Q

What is the function of the superior rectus?

A

Moves eye upward and slightly outward

39
Q

What does the lateral rectus do?

A

Moves eye outward away from nose

40
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

Moves eye outward and downward

41
Q

What is the function of the inferior rectus?

A

Moves eye downward and slightly inward

42
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblique?

A

Moves eyes outward and upward

43
Q

Phoria

A

When the eye has a tendency to turn from its normal position - like when tired

44
Q

Tropic

A

When the eye has a definite or obvious turning from its normal position

45
Q

Exotropia

A

Eyes turn outward

46
Q

Esotropia

A

Eye turns inward toward nose

47
Q

Hyperphoria

A

Eye turns upward

48
Q

Hypophoria

A

Eye turns downward

49
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A

1) Outer - fibrous tunic ( sclera, cornea)
2) middle - vascular tunic (iris, choroid, ciliary body)
3) inner - nervous tunic (retina)

50
Q

Describe and tell the function of the sclera?

A
  • White outer layer
  • maintains shape of eye
  • muscles attached here to control eye movement
51
Q

Describe the function of choroid.

A
  • middle layer
  • contains blood vessels (vascular)
  • provides nutrition for the retina
52
Q

The volume between the iris and lens is _____?

A

Posterior chamber

53
Q

The space between the cornea and iris that is filled with the aqueous humor is called ___?

A

Anterior chamber — anterior means “at the front”

54
Q

Epithelium

A

The outermost layer of the cornea

55
Q

How many layers does the cornea have?

A

5

56
Q

True or false? The epithelium can regenerate.

A

True

57
Q

What do the epithelium and Bowman’s Membrane do?

A

Protect the cornea from injury.

58
Q

What is the tough, difficult to penetrate barrier of the cornea?

A

Bowman’s Membrane

59
Q

The innermost layer of the cornea is called ___?

A

Endothelium

60
Q

What is the function of the endothelium?

A

It removes water from the cornea helping to to keep it clear.

61
Q

The largest, making up 90% of the cornea, and middle layer of the cornea is called?

A

Stroma

62
Q

The amount of light allowed through the pupil is controlled by the __?

A

Iris

63
Q

The two muscles in the iris are called?

A

Dilator and sphincter muscles

64
Q

What does the sphincter muscle do?

A

Closes the pupil, restricting light into the eye.

65
Q

When will the lens refract rays of light through the greater angle…when it is relatively thick, or when it is relatively thin?

A

Relatively thick

66
Q

What are the two functions of the ciliary body?

A

1) Provide muscular power to alter the shape of the lens.

2) Produce the watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris.

67
Q

The ciliary body is attached to the lens by the _____?

A

Suspensory ligament

68
Q

Which one detects movement? (Rods or cones)

A

Rods

69
Q

Where are the muscles that control the shape of the lens?

A

Ciliary Body

70
Q

The order in which rays pass through the four parts of the eye are…

A

1) cornea
2) aqueous humor
3) lens
4) vitreous humor

71
Q

The area immediately behind the ciliary body at the edge of the retina is ______?

A

Ora Serrata

72
Q

Seeing under conditions of bright light is called______?

A

Photopic vision

73
Q

Seeing under conditions of dim light is called _____?

A

Scotopic vision

74
Q

At the center of the retina is a small area where there are no rods, only cones. This area is called ______?

A

Fovea centralis

75
Q

This produces the light-sensitive chemical substance found in rods and cones. If it becomes detached, it is called a retinal detachment.

A

Pigment epithelium

76
Q

What happens when you have a retinal detachment?

A

Blindness in that part of the eye where the pigment epithelium is no longer in contact with the rods and cones.

77
Q

Chemical substance found mainly in the rods is called ___?

A

Visual purple

78
Q

About how long in the dark does it take to develop one’s maximum “night vision”?

A

20 minutes

79
Q

Light passing through a cylindrical lens is focused in two line perpendicular to each other and separated by an area know as…

A

Sturm’s interval

Epic Vision (4 decks)

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