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Upper limb > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Root
Trunk (C5,C6) : Upper / C7: Middle / Lower (C8,T1)
Division (Anterior, Posterior, Anterior)
Cord (Lateral, Posterior, Medial)
Branches (Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar)

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2
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

No branches above elbow
Runs posterior to medial epi of humerus, between FDP&;FCU gives branch proximal to wrist
- dorsal cutaneous branch
- palmar cutaneous branch

Enter Guyon’s canal, gives branch to
- Sensory: Palmaris brevis
- Motor: Flexor carpi ulnaris , FDP
Hypothenar, Adductor pollucis, lumbricals (bilennate), interossei)

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3
Q

Flexor of forearm (superficial)

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
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4
Q

Flexor of forearm (deep)

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollucis longus
  • pronator quadratus
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5
Q

Axillary nerve course

A

From posterior cord of brachial plexus–> run thru axilla–> supply teres minor–> run medial to neck of humerus–> suoply deltoid

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6
Q

Rotator cuff

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor (inserted into greater tuberosity)
  • subscapularis (lesser tuberosity)

To hold the head of humerus into glenoid cavity

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7
Q

Head of humerus fracture complication

A
  • Neurovascular injury (axillary nerve, brachial plexus, brachial plexus)
  • AVN (esp part 3 & 4 fracture, # tht involve anatomical neck)
  • Stiffness (elderly)
  • Malunion
  • Shoulder dislocation (child)
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8
Q

Treatment of # neck of humerus depend on ne’er classification

A
  1. Analgesic + collar &cuff
  2. CMR + cc
  3. ORIF
  4. Hemiarthroplasty
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9
Q

Causes of gibbus

A
  • infection
  • fracture
  • congenital defect
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10
Q

Holtstein lewis #

A

Spiral fracture of distal third shaft humerus ass with radial n neurapraxia

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11
Q

Deformity of lateral condyle fracture

A

Cubitus valgus (lateral condyle slowly grow, medial condyle exceed)

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12
Q

Deformity of supracondylar fracture

A

Cubitus varus (gun stock deformity)

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13
Q

Gartland classification

A
  1. Undisplaced - immobilized with cast for 3 weeks in child
  2. Displaced but posterior cortex still intact - CMR
  3. Totally displaced - fix with K wire
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14
Q

Volksman ischemic contracture

A

Irreversible Contracture of flexor muscle of hand due to ischemic process in forearm

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15
Q

Extensor of forearm

A

Superficial

  • Brachioradialis
  • ECRL
  • ECRB

> Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus

In between: deep group to thumb

  • Abductor pollucis longus
  • EPB
  • EPL
  • Extensor indicis (index finger)
  • Supinator
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16
Q

Flexor of forearm

Origin from : medial epicondyle of humerus

A

Superficial :

  • Pronator teres
  • FCR (base of 2nd,3rd MCP)
  • Palmaris longus
  • FCU (5th MCP)
  • FDS (middle phalanx of digit)

Deep

  • FDP (distal phalanx digit)
  • FPL (distal phalanx thumb)
  • Pronator quadratus
17
Q

FOOSH ddx

Always check for neurovascular injury

A
  1. Proximal humerus fracture
  2. Shaft humerus
  3. Lateral condyle
  4. Supracondylar (extraarticular/intraarticular)
  5. Medial condyle
  6. Capitulum
  7. Elbow dislocation
  8. Radius ulna fracture

+ direct force on pronation

  • Montegia
  • Galeazzi
18
Q

Why it is very important to detect # of ulnar in child

A

Because even slight deformity persist result in prevent reduction dislocation

19
Q

Why elbow dislocation emergency?

A

Cause neurovascular injury

  • ischemia
  • ape like hand (median)
  • claw hand (ulnar)
  • wriat drop (radius)
20
Q

Indication of ilizarov

A
  • bone transport

- infected non union

21
Q

Axillary nerve supply muscle:

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

22
Q

Causes of wry neck

A

Torticolis
PID
Congenital scoliosis
Cerebellar dysfx

23
Q

Nerve physiology

A
  • intra axonal transport mechanism
  • barrier system
  • endoneurial fluid pressure
  • effect of sympathetic n stimuation
24
Q

Axillary artery

Ad 3 parts

A
  1. Sup thoracic
  2. Thoraco acromial, lateral thoracic
  3. Ant circumflex, post circumflex, subscapular
25
Q

Thenar muscle

A

Abductor pollucis brevis,
Flexor
Opponen pollucis

26
Q

Elbow joint made up from

A
  • trochlear and capitulum of humerus
  • head of radius
26
Q

Brachial artery

A

Continuation of axillary artery at the lower margin of teres major
Reach antecubital fossa where it give branch to radial and ulnar artery
Run close proximity with median nerve
Branches
1. Profunda brachii
2. Sup and inferior ulnar collateral
3. Radial and ulnar

27
Q

Elbow joint made up from

A
  • trochlear and capitulum of humerus
  • head of radius
28
Q

Brachial artery

A

Continuation of axillary artery at the lower margin of teres major
Reach antecubital fossa where it give branch to radial and ulnar artery
Run close proximity with median nerve
Branches
1. Profunda brachii
2. Sup and inferior ulnar collateral
3. Radial and ulnar

29
Q

Elbow joint made up from

A
  • trochlear and capitulum of humerus
  • head of radius
30
Q

Brachial artery

A

Continuation of axillary artery at the lower margin of teres major
Reach antecubital fossa where it give branch to radial and ulnar artery
Run close proximity with median nerve
Branches
1. Profunda brachii
2. Sup and inferior ulnar collateral
3. Radial and ulnar

Upper limb (1 decks)

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