Anatomy

Question 1

Falciform ligament

Answer 1

Layers of peritoneum come together on the anterior surface of the liver, attaching it to the anterior wall

Question 2

What ligament suspends the liver to the diaphragm?

Answer 2

Coronary ligament

Question 3

How many functional units does the liver have?

Answer 3

8 - each gets it own branch of the hepatic artery and portal vein, this has surgical importance for tumour removal removal

Question 4

What is the ‘caput medusae’?

Answer 4

blood being diverted to anastomosis

Question 5

What is ‘haematemesis’?

Answer 5

vomiting blood

Question 6

The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct combine and pass through the….

Answer 6

ampulla of vater at the Sphincter of Oddi.
increase in parasympathetic activity favours opening of the Sphincter of Oddi and the movement of bile and pancreatic juices into the duodenum.
Increase in sympathetic activity tends to constrict the Sphincter of Oddi and prevents bile release, so it is stored in the gall bladder.

Question 7

Where is bile produced and stored?

Answer 7

Produced - liver

Stored - gall bladder

Question 8

What are the 5 parts of the colon?

Answer 8

1. Caecum and appendix
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 9

What is diverticulosis?

Answer 9

Multiple outpouching of the sigmoid colon that are not inflamed. Commonly cause no symptoms.

Question 10

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 10

GIT disease. Inflamed and infected diverticula leading to trapped faeces

Question 11

What are diverticula?

Answer 11

Small pouches that bulge outwards through the colon. A true diverticulum includes all three layers of the gut; the lining mucosa, the muscularis, and the outer serosa. False diverticula are missing the muscularis and are therefore very thin walled. Colonic diverticula are typically false.

Question 12

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 12

Lining of the inside of the abdominal cavity. It is a continuous, shiny and transparent serous membrane, consisting of parietal and visceral peritoneum.

Question 13

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 13

Lines the inside surface of the abdominal wall, the anterior, lateral and posterior walls, creating the peritoneal cavity.

Question 14

What is the double layer of peritoneum?

Answer 14

Mesentery
On the posterior abdominal wall, the left and right peritoneum unite to form a double layer of peritoneum that projects into the peritoneal cavity and encloses various digestive organs, making them intraperitoneal.

Question 15

Retro-peritoneal

Answer 15

Single layer of perioneum running over them, usually on the posterior wall.

Question 16

What is the greater omentum?

Answer 16

4-layered structure, it is a fatty wall that covers the front part of the abdomen, helping to protect the organs.

Question 17

GIT arteries and spinal levels

Answer 17

Coeliac artery - T12
Superior mesenteric artery - L1
Inferior mesenteric artery - L3

Question 18

What does the coeliac artery supply?

Answer 18

The foregut - mouth to the end of the first 2 parts of the duodenum. The liver, pancreas and gall bladder develop out of the foregut.

Question 19

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 19

The midgut - 5m in length, from the rest of the duodenum to the first 2/3rds of the colon

Question 20

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 20

Supplies the transverse colon onwards.

Question 21

Where does the blood from the GIT drain into?

Answer 21

The hepatic portal vein, which takes blood to the liver.

Question 22

How many teeth fo children have?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

How many teeth do adults have?

Answer 23

32
16 maxillary
16 mandibular

Question 24

5 tastes of the tongue

Answer 24

sweet, salty, bitter, mani, sour

Question 25

Causes of a peptic ulcer

Answer 25

heliobacter pylori bacterial infection (80%)

chronic alcohol/aspirin abuse (20%)