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Step 1 Endocrinology-First Aid 2017 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the adrenal gland?

A

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zone reticularis

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2
Q

What is the inner layer of the adrenal gland called

A

Medulla

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3
Q

What cells are located within the medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

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4
Q

Catecholamines are produced in what layer of the adrenal gland?

A

Medulla

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5
Q

What hormone are chromaffin cells in the medulla responsive to?

A

ACh

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6
Q

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are produced by what cells within the adrenal medulla?

A

Chromaffin cells

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7
Q

What layer of the adrenal gland produces androgens?

A

Zona reticularis

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8
Q

What hormones regulate the zona reticularis?

A

ACTH and CRH

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9
Q

What hormones are produced in the zona reticularis

A

DHEA

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10
Q

ACTH and CRH act on the zona reticularis and cause production of what type of hormones?

A

Androgens (DHEA)

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11
Q

What layer of the adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids?

A

Zona fasciculata

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12
Q

What hormones regulate the zona fasciculata

A

ACTH and CRH

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13
Q

What hormone is produced in the zona fasciculata?

A

Cortisol

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14
Q

What hormone regulates the zona glomerulosa?

A

Angiotensin II

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15
Q

What embryological tissue is the posterior pituitary gland derived from?

A

Neuroectoderm

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16
Q

What hormones are released from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)?

A

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (AD)

17
Q

Where is the location of the synthesis of oxytocin and ADH?

A

Both in hypothalamus within:
Oxytocin - paraventricular nucleus
ADH - supraoptic nucleus

18
Q

How do oxytocin and ADH get from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland?

A

Transported via neurophysins

19
Q

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)?

A

FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH and Prolactin, GH

20
Q

Which anterior pituitary hormones are basophils?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

21
Q

Which anterior pituitary hormones are acidophils?

A

Prolactin, GH

22
Q

Where is melanotropin (MS) secreted from?

A

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

23
Q

What tissue is the anterior pituitary derived from?

A

Oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch)

24
Q

From what precursor are ACTH and MSH derived from

A

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

25
Q

What type of cells are found in islets of Langerhans?

A

alpha, beta, and delta cells

26
Q

What islet cells secrete insulin?

A

Beta cells

27
Q

What islet cells secreted somatostatin?

A

Delta cells

28
Q

What islet cells secrete glucagon

A

Alpha cells

29
Q

What area of islet are beta cells located?

A

Centrally

30
Q

What area of islet are alpha cells located?

A

Peripherally

31
Q

What area of islet are delta cells located?

A

Interspersed

Step 1 Endocrinology-First Aid 2017 (4 decks)

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