Anatomy Flashcards by sarah barker

Organisms are compromised in what order

Tissues
Organs
Organ systems

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Superior

Inferior

Above

Below

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Posterior

In front

Behind

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Dorsal

Ventral

Back of object

Front

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Medial

Middle

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Lateral

Further from center

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Proximal

Distal

Structure closer

Structure further

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Right lung has how many lobes

Left lung has how many lobes

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Lungs are surrounded by thick membrane called

Pleura

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Air flow passage

Mouth
Trachea
Bronchioles
Alveoli-where gas exchange between air and capillaries happens

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Alveoli are covered in

Surfactant

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The heart pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs via

Pulmonary artery

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Blood is oxygenated in the aveoli and delivered back into the heart by ________ to be distributed back to the body

pulmonary veins

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Relaxation of the diagpragphm causes the lungs to

Compress. Pushing carbon dioxide out

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The amount of air breathed in and out is

Tidal volume

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Small volume of air left in the lungs after exhalation is

Residual capacity

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Lung disease due to the continual restriction of airflow is known as

Chronic obstructive pulmonary

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Imperative sentences give

A command

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What’s true about noble gases

They have a low electron affinity because their outer shell is full

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Analysis of analysis is known as

Meta analysis

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Which of the following is the part of the brain that receives information from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain, that then regulates motor movements?

cerebellum

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The blood is carried away from the heart in large vessels known as:

arteries

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Translation is

mRNA are translated in ribosomes to produce polypeptides.

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Transcription is the process where

information in the DNA is packaged into smaller mRNA molecules.

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explain the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

central dogma

If an ion has more protons than electrons, it is known as:

cation

When an atom has a different number of protons and electrons it is called an

ion

If an ion has more protons than electrons, it is a

positively charged cation

If an atom has more electrons than protons it is a

negatively charged anion

What do you call proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences?

transcription factors

are proteins that condense and structure the DNA of eukaryotic cell nuclei into nucleosome.

histones

are fragments of DNA produced during DNA replication in the lagging strand.

okazaki fragments

are specific genome sequences corresponding to one unit of inheritance.

genes

Which of the following is not considered part of the genitourinary system? Medulla Cortex Kidney Capillaries

capillaries

What system consists of the kidneys (which include the cortex and the medulla), the ureter, and the urinary bladder.

genitourinary system

The right side of the circulatory system deals with? The left side of the system deals with?

Right blue | left red

P wave corresponds to

SA node depolarization.

QRS complex corresponds to | Larger QRS complex corresponds to

ventricular depolarization. | Atrial repolarization

T wave corresponds to

vent repolarization

Humoral immunity

is also called antibody-mediated immunity, meaning that it is controlled by antibodies.

The efforts of the WBCs known as phagocytes and T-cells are called

cell-mediated immune system.

When B-cells and T-cells are activated by a pathogen, memory B-cells and T-cells develop, and the primary immune response results, it is called

active immunity

Two oxygen atoms can be joined to make O2. If you know that this is an ionic bond, which statement is true? This is an electron attraction. This bond is highly volatile. This bond will be difficult to separate. This is an attraction between similarly charged ions.

This is an electron attraction.

Ionic bonding is

the complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms.

What do you call the major matrix producing cells in connective tissue proper?

Fibroblast

is responsible for the synthesis and mineralization of the bone.

osteoblast

forms chondrocytes in the growing cartilage matrix

chondroblast

hollow sphere of cells produced during the development of an embryo.

blastula

different variants of genes known as

alleles

is the enzyme that adds new nucleotide in the growing DNA chain. Addition is from 5'-3' direction.

polymerase

an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of okazaki fragments.

ligase

is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double stranded DNA into single strands.

helicase

enzyme that cleaves the chains of nucleotides into smaller units.

nuclease

What do you call sites on chromatin where ribosomal RNA is synthesized?

Nucleoli

Are sites in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells which primarily serves as the site of ribosome synthesis and assembly. This is also where ribosomal RNA are formed. They also function in the assembly of signal recognition particles and playing a role in the cell's response to stress.

Nucleoli

are sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum function in

protein synthesis and packaging of translation products.

is the protoplasm surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

Nucleoplasm

AAA and AAG correspond to what amino acid

lysine

GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG correspond to what amino acid

alanine

GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG correspond to what amino acid

valine

AUG correspond to what amino acid

Methionine

The daughter cells produced after meiosis are genetically the same or different to the mother cell?

different

The total number of cells after one complete meotic cycle is

Heart rate in excess of 100 beats per minute is termed as

tachycardia

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute is called

bradycardia.

when heart rate varies 5% during the respiratory cycle and up to 30% during deep respiration is called

sinus arrhythmia

Occasional shortened intervals between one contraction and succeeding frequently occurs in healthy people, and is known as

premature atrial contractions.

An independent variable is

the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist

A dependent variable is

the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

The value of an _______ variable can be changed. You cannot change of the value of a ______ variable.

independent value can be changed | dependent value cannot be changes

The ______ variable is the value which is manipulated in an experiment. The _______ variable is the value observed by the researcher during an experiment.

Independent variable is manipulated | Dependent variable is observed

The concentration of hormones as seen by target cells are affected by the

affected by the rate of production, rate of delivery, rate of degradation and elimination of hormones.

Synthesis and secretion of hormones are the most highly regulated aspect of

endocrine control