Anatomy

Question 1

What type of neurons form the motor units in skeletal muscle?

Answer 1

Alpha motor neurons

Question 2

Where are the contractile proteins for intrafusal fibers?

Answer 2

only at the tips

Question 3

Innervates intrafusal muscle fibers

Answer 3

Gamma motor neurons

Question 4

Is golgi tendon organ in series or in parallel?

Answer 4

Series (parallel is extrafusal)

Question 5

Golgi Tendon: Autogenic inhibition or excitation?

Answer 5

Inhibition

Question 6

Spindle apparatus: autogenic inhibition or excitation?

Answer 6

Excitation

Question 7

Why are reflexes lost in polio?

Answer 7

Attacks LMN, so nothing will contract the muscle

Question 8

Part of the dorsal horn that carries pain from C and Adelta fibers

Answer 8

Substantia Gelatinosa

Question 9

Part of the dorsal horn that carries mechanical and temp

Answer 9

Nucleus Proprius

Question 10

Part of the dorsal horn that carries Golgi tendon organ and spindle apparatus

Answer 10

Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke: Spinocerebellar pathway

Question 11

Present in T1-L2 only

Answer 11

Lateral horn

Question 12

Organization of the Ventral horn columns

Answer 12

Flexors:dorsal edge
Extensors: ventral edge
Distal: lateral
Proximal: medial

Question 13

Cells that create inhibition on the LMN

Answer 13

Renshaw cells (glycine)

Question 14

what is the MOA of Strychnine?

Answer 14

blocks the Renshaw cells…unopposed activation

Question 15

3 parts on the internal capsule

Answer 15

Anterior/posterior crus, genu

Question 16

Runs thru the genu

Answer 16

Corticobulbar tracts

Question 17

Runs thru the posterior crus

Answer 17

Corticospinal tract to UE, trunk, LE

Question 18

Tract that does not decussate from the corticospinal axons

Answer 18

Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 19

Conveys Pain and temperature sensations

Answer 19

SpinalThalamic pathway (AL pathway)

Question 20

What does the spinal thalamic change into once it hits the pons?

Answer 20

Spinal lemniscus

Question 21

Projects to the somatosensory cortex from the Thalamus

Answer 21

Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus

Question 22

Syringomyelia

Answer 22

Bilateral loss of pain sensation at that level because the commissure is taken out. Spinothalamic tract CANNOT DECUSSATE.

Question 23

In the spinothalamic tract, what parts of the body are lateral and medial?

Answer 23

Lateral: the lower portion(sacrum)
Medial: the upper portion (cervical)

Question 24

Where do the Gracile and Cuneate start to decussate?

Answer 24

Internal arcuate to the medial leminscus in the rostral end on medulla oblongata

Question 25

Where do the Medial lemiscus synapse?

Answer 25

Ventral Posterolateral thalamus

Question 26

Loss of contralateral pain, temp, and sensation. Ipsilateral loss of fine touch, voluntary movement, and conscious proprioception

Answer 26

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Question 27

Differences in the spinoreticular pathways

Answer 27

1. projects to ALL of the cerebral cortex (not localized)
2. Synapses in the different nucleus of the thalamus (non specific)
3. additional synapse in the brainstem reticular Formation

Question 28

Forms the Cerebellum

Answer 28

Rhombic lip

Question 29

2 classes of neurons in cerebellum

Answer 29

Macroneurons (Purkinje)-radiation migration

Microneurons (granule, basket, stellate)- grows across

Question 30

Separates the Mesencephalon from the rhombencephalon

Answer 30

Cephalic flexure

Question 31

Lateral expansion of the proencephalon

Answer 31

Telencephalon