Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neurons form the motor units in skeletal muscle?

A

Alpha motor neurons

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2
Q

Where are the contractile proteins for intrafusal fibers?

A

only at the tips

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3
Q

Innervates intrafusal muscle fibers

A

Gamma motor neurons

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4
Q

Is golgi tendon organ in series or in parallel?

A

Series (parallel is extrafusal)

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5
Q

Golgi Tendon: Autogenic inhibition or excitation?

A

Inhibition

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6
Q

Spindle apparatus: autogenic inhibition or excitation?

A

Excitation

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7
Q

Why are reflexes lost in polio?

A

Attacks LMN, so nothing will contract the muscle

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8
Q

Part of the dorsal horn that carries pain from C and Adelta fibers

A

Substantia Gelatinosa

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9
Q

Part of the dorsal horn that carries mechanical and temp

A

Nucleus Proprius

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10
Q

Part of the dorsal horn that carries Golgi tendon organ and spindle apparatus

A

Dorsal Nucleus of Clarke: Spinocerebellar pathway

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11
Q

Present in T1-L2 only

A

Lateral horn

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12
Q

Organization of the Ventral horn columns

A

Flexors:dorsal edge
Extensors: ventral edge
Distal: lateral
Proximal: medial

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13
Q

Cells that create inhibition on the LMN

A

Renshaw cells (glycine)

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14
Q

what is the MOA of Strychnine?

A

blocks the Renshaw cells…unopposed activation

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15
Q

3 parts on the internal capsule

A

Anterior/posterior crus, genu

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16
Q

Runs thru the genu

A

Corticobulbar tracts

17
Q

Runs thru the posterior crus

A

Corticospinal tract to UE, trunk, LE

18
Q

Tract that does not decussate from the corticospinal axons

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

19
Q

Conveys Pain and temperature sensations

A

SpinalThalamic pathway (AL pathway)

20
Q

What does the spinal thalamic change into once it hits the pons?

A

Spinal lemniscus

21
Q

Projects to the somatosensory cortex from the Thalamus

A

Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus

22
Q

Syringomyelia

A

Bilateral loss of pain sensation at that level because the commissure is taken out. Spinothalamic tract CANNOT DECUSSATE.

23
Q

In the spinothalamic tract, what parts of the body are lateral and medial?

A

Lateral: the lower portion(sacrum)
Medial: the upper portion (cervical)

24
Q

Where do the Gracile and Cuneate start to decussate?

A

Internal arcuate to the medial leminscus in the rostral end on medulla oblongata

25
Where do the Medial lemiscus synapse?
Ventral Posterolateral thalamus
26
Loss of contralateral pain, temp, and sensation. Ipsilateral loss of fine touch, voluntary movement, and conscious proprioception
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
27
Differences in the spinoreticular pathways
1. projects to ALL of the cerebral cortex (not localized) 2. Synapses in the different nucleus of the thalamus (non specific) 3. additional synapse in the brainstem reticular Formation
28
Forms the Cerebellum
Rhombic lip
29
2 classes of neurons in cerebellum
Macroneurons (Purkinje)-radiation migration | Microneurons (granule, basket, stellate)- grows across
30
Separates the Mesencephalon from the rhombencephalon
Cephalic flexure
31
Lateral expansion of the proencephalon
Telencephalon