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urogyne > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

sacrum and interest on ischial tuberosity

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2
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

originates on sacrum and inserts on ischial spine

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3
Q

muscles of pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani

coccygeus

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4
Q

levator ani muscles

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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5
Q

puborectalis

A

origin: superior pubic ramus
insertion: anococcygeal ligament
innervation: S4, inferior anal n

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6
Q

pubococcygeus

A

origin: pubis lateral to puborectalis
insertion: anococygeal ligament, coccyx
innervation: S4, inferior anal n

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7
Q

iliococcygeus

A

origin: internal obturator fascial of levator ani (tendinous arch)
insertion: anococcygeal ligament, coccyx
innervation: S4, inferior anal n

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8
Q

coccygeus

A

origin: sacrum
insertion: ischial spine
innervation: S4-5

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9
Q

muscles of the pelvic wall

A

piriformis

obturator internus

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10
Q

piriformis

A

origin: sacrum
insertion: greater trochanter of femur
innervation: S1-2
external rotation and abduction of flexed hip

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11
Q

obturator internus

A

origin: obturator membrane
insertion: medial greater trochanter of femur
innervation: L5-S1
external rotation and abduction of flexed hip

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12
Q

levator (genital) hiatus

A

a gap between puborecalis muscles allowing for passage of urethra vagina and rectum into perineum

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13
Q

membranous pelvic fascia

A

visceral

parietal

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14
Q

visceral pelvic fascia

A

surrounds organs

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15
Q

parietal pelvic fascia

A

lines inner surface of muscles of pelvic walls and floor

continuous with transversals fascia and psoas fascia

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16
Q

tendinous arch of pelvic fascia

A

where pelvic viscera pierce the pelvic diaphragm the parietal and visceral layer merge
runs from pubis to sacrum

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17
Q

endopelvic fascia

A

loose CT matrix that fills subperiotoneal space between visceral and parietal layers of membranous fascia
allows for dissension of pelvic organs

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18
Q

superior vesical a

A

in lateral ligament of bladder

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19
Q

uterine a

A

in cardinal ligament

comes off internal iliac a

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20
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

between bladder and uterus

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21
Q

rectouterine pouch of douglas

A

between uterus and rectum

lowest point of female peritoneal cavity

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22
Q

rectopubic space

A

between pubic symphsis and bladder

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23
Q

rectorectal space

A

between rectum and sacrum

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24
Q

rectovaginal septum

A

separates the rectum and vagina

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25
Q

trace R common iliac

A

R internal iliac –> R umbilical–> R superior vesical

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26
Q

R ovarian artery and v

A

in suspensory ligament of ovary off of abdominal aorta at L2

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27
Q

R uterine artery

A

branch of R internal iliac a

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28
Q

right vaginal a

A

branch of R internal iliac a

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29
Q

inferior vescial a

A

arises with middle rectal a off of internal iliac a

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30
Q

anterior division of internal iliac a gives rise to

A 
umbilical a ---> superior vesical a 
uterine a 
vaginal a 
middle rectal 
internal pudendal
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31
Q

internal pudendal a gives off

A

inferior rectal - external anal sphincter and skin around anus
perineal a
clitoral a

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32
Q

superior rectal a

A

branch of inferior mesenteric a

supplies upper rectum and anal canal and anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal a in pelvis and perineum

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33
Q

ovarian v

A

drain directly into inferior vena cava on R

drain into renal vein ion L

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34
Q

superior rectal v

A

drains into hepatic portal system through inferior mesenteric v

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35
Q

obturator n

A

L2-4

doesn’t innervate structures of pelvis but can be injured during surgery

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36
Q

sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

exit via greater sciatic foramen where they innervate structures in perineum, gluteal region and lower limb

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37
Q

pudendal n

A

S2-4
mixed sensory and motor n
branches: inferior retal, perienal n, clitoral n

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38
Q

uterovaginal rectal plexus

A

from inferior hypogastric plexus

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39
Q

ovarian ligament

A

connects ovary to supra lateral aspect of uterus

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40
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

carries ovarian vessels and n

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41
Q

mesovarium

A

suspends ovary from posterior par of broad ligament

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42
Q

lymphatic vessels of ovary

A

superiorly to the lateral attic nodes

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43
Q

innervation of ovary

A

ovarian plexus (follows ovarian vessels) and pelvic plexus (follows pelvic vessels)

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44
Q

parts of fallopian tubes

A

intramural (most medial)
isthmus
ampulla
infundibulum (most lateral)

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45
Q

fallopian tubes supported by

A

mesosalpinx

46
Q

vessels to fallopian tubes

A

anastomosing ovarian and uterine arteries

47
Q

lymph vessels of fallopian tubes

A

follow ovarian v to lateral aortic nodes

48
Q

innervation of fallopian tubes

A

ovarian and uterine plexuses

49
Q

ruptured ectopic pregnancy on R side can be misdiagnosed as

A

ruptured appendix

50
Q

bicornate uterus

A

failure of fusion of paramesonephic ducts

higher chance of recurrent pregnancy loss , preterm birth, and malpresentation of baby

51
Q

broad ligament of uterus

A

double fold of peritoneum that extends laterally from each side of uterus to sidewalls of pelvis
mesosalpinx
mesovarium
mesometrium

52
Q

round ligaments of uterus

A

originate near fundus pass through deep inguinal rings through inguinal canal insert on labial majora

53
Q

cardinal (transverse cervical) ligaments

A

connect uterine cervix to pelvic side wall
base of broad ligament
transmit uterine vessels

54
Q

uterosacral ligaments

A

help maintain anteverted position of uterus

55
Q

uterine a

A

traverse the cardinal ligament and anastomoses superior with ovarian a and inferiorly with vaginal a

56
Q

uterine v

A

drain into internal iliac v

57
Q

lymphatic of uterine fundus

A

drains to para aortic nodes via ovarian v

58
Q

uterine body lymphatics

A

drains to external iliac nodes via broad ligament

59
Q

cervix lymphatics

A

to internal iliac and sacral nodes via cardinal and uterosacral ligaments

60
Q

innervation of uterus

A

uterovaginal n plexuses from inferior hypogastric plexuses

61
Q

anterior vaginal fornix

A

short

lies against posterior wall of bladder

62
Q

posterior vaginal fornix

A

longer in contact with rectouterine pouch

63
Q

vaginal a

A

branch of internal iliac a

64
Q

vaginal v

A

branches of internal iliac v

65
Q

superior part of vaginal lymphatics

A

external or internal iliac nodes

66
Q

inferior part of vagina lymphatics

A

sacral and common iliac nodes

67
Q

innervation of superior 3/4 vagina

A

uterovaginal plexus from inferior hypogastric plexus

68
Q

lowest vaginal segment innervation

A

deep perineal branch of pudendal nerve (branch of sacral plexus) somatic innervated
only part of vaginal sensitive to touch

69
Q

culdocentesis

A

peritoneal fluid is extracted from rectouterine pouch by needle aspiration through posterior fornix of vagina
PID

70
Q

ureters

A

pass inferior to uterine arteries within cardinal ligaments

71
Q

blood supply to ureters

A

uterine a

72
Q

innervation of pelvic ureter

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

73
Q

bladder is only covered by peritoneum on its

A

superior surface

74
Q

parts of bladder

A

apex
fundus
body
neck

75
Q

median umbilical ligament

A

apex of bladder to umbilicus

76
Q

pubovesical ligaments

A

neck of the bladder to pubis

77
Q

lateral vesical ligaments

A

connection neck of bladder to lateral pelvic walls

78
Q

bladder holds up to

A

600-800ml

79
Q

superior vesical a and vaginal a supply

A

the bladder

80
Q

vesical venous plexuses

A

drains to internal iliac v

81
Q

innervation of bladder

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

82
Q

urethra

A

lies anterior to vagina

83
Q

arteries that supply urethra

A

branches of pudendal a, inferior vesical a , vaginal a

84
Q

lymphatic drainage of urethra

A

internal iliac nodes

85
Q

innervation to urethra

A

vesical nerve plexus

86
Q

rectum lies on ____ ligament of pelvic floor

A

anococcygeal ligament

87
Q

rectum has no

A

mesentery

88
Q

rectum usually starts at

A

S3

89
Q

rectum terminates at

A

analrectum junction

90
Q

rectal ampulla

A

passes through pelvic diaphragm

91
Q

superior rectal a

A

terminal branch of inferior mesenteric a

upper rectum

92
Q

right and l middle rectal a

A

branches of internal iliac

supply lower rectum

93
Q

external hemorrhoids

A

thromboses veins of external venous plexus
commonly associated with constipation and pregnancy
below dentate line and are covered by skin
somatically innervated- painful

94
Q

internal hemorrhoids

A

dilated veins of internal recal plexus
due to breakdown of muscularis layer and can become ulcerated
above dentate line
viscerally innervated - painlesss

95
Q

perineum

A

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

96
Q

perineal membrane

A

though fibrous sheet
extends anteriorly almost o pubic symphysis and poster to ischial tuberosities
separates urogenital triangle into deep perineal and superficial perineal paces

97
Q

superficial perineal space contains

A

bulbocavernosus, ischiocavernosius, superficial transverse perineal m and deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal n, clitoris, vestibular bulb, and greater vestibular glands

98
Q

superficial perineal space

A

potential space bounded by perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia- extension of scrap’s fascia in abdomen)

99
Q

deep perineal space

A

bounded by perineal membrane and pelvic diaphragm

100
Q

deep perineal space contains

A

urethera, inferior part of external urethral sphincter ischoanal fat pads, nv bundle to vlitoris , urethrovaginal sphincter, compressor urethra, smooth muscle associated with perineal body

101
Q

perineal body

A

formed by converging fibers of levator ani, deep transverse perineal , bulbospongiouss, and external anala sphincter

102
Q

innervation of perineum

A

pudendal n

103
Q

blood supply to perineum

A

perineal branches of internal pudendal a (branch of internal iliac)

104
Q

episiotomy

A

incision through posterior vaginal orifice into perineal body
prevent damage to perineal m

105
Q

clitoris is made of

A

corpus cavernousa

106
Q

vestibular bulbs

A

bulbospongiousus mm

107
Q

bartholin glands

A

under the posterior end of vestibular bulbs

108
Q

external pudendal art

A

supplies skin over mons pubis and labia majora

109
Q

perineal a supplies

A

perineal m and labia minora

110
Q

dorsal clitoral a

A

supplies glans of clitoris

111
Q

deep clitoral a

A

corpus cavernosum of clitoris

urogyne (1 decks)

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