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Urinary > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the position of the kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal

From L2/3- T11/12

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2
Q

What protects the kidneys

A

11th and 12 ribs

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3
Q

How large are normal kidneys

A

9-14 cm

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4
Q

What % of body weight is water

A

60% (42L in ‘avg’ man)

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5
Q

What fraction of body water is extra and intracellular?

A

2/3 intracellular (28L)

1/3 extracellular (14L)

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6
Q

How much of extracellular water is interstitial and how much is in plasma?

A

80%- 11L interstitial and 3L in plasma

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7
Q

What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?

A

Osmolarity is osmoles of solute per LITRE

Osmolality is osmoles of solute per KILO

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8
Q

How can ECF osmolarity be estimated by Na+ concentration?

A

Double it- ECF osmolarity mainly determined by Na and Cl

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9
Q

How is the major intracellular ion?

A

K+

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10
Q

What makes up the kidney hilum?

A

The renal artery, vein and nerve

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11
Q

What are the pyramids within the renal cortex called?

A

Medulla

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12
Q

What is the difference between the minor and major calyx?

A

Minor is drainage from individual medullary pyramids

Major is drainage from many of the medullary pyramids

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13
Q

What is the name for the blood vessels which run between medullary pyramids?

A

Interlobar arteries and veins

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14
Q

What is the name for the blood vessels which run over the top of the medullar pyramids?

A

Arcuate arteries and veins

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15
Q

The arcuate arteries give off branches into the cortex towards the glomerulus. What is the name for these branches and the for the branches of these which go to the glomerulus

A

Acuate artery–> interlobular artery–> afferent arteriole

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16
Q

What are the names for the blood vessels between the afferent arteriole and the renal vein for cortical nephrons? (6)

A

Afferent arteriole–> efferent arteriole–> peritubular capillaries–> interlobular vein–> arcuate vein–> interlobar vein–> segmental vein–> renal vein

17
Q

What is the name for the capillary bed in juxtaglomerular nephrons?

A

rasa recta

18
Q

What is the difference in structure, function and aubundance between juxtaglomerular and cortical nephrons?

A

S: The loop of henle for juxtaglomerular nephrons goes deeper into the medulla
F: juxtaglomerular involved in setting up corticomedullary concentration gradient
A: juxtaglomerular nephrons make up only 10% of nephrons- 90% cortical

19
Q

What are the main parts of the nephron?

A 
Glomerulus 
Proximal tubule 
Loop of henle 
Distal convoluted tubule 
Collecting duct

Urinary (9 decks)

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