Anatomy

Question 1

What are common causes of atlantoaxial instability?

Answer 1

Down syndrome
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Trauma

Question 2

What are the ECG lead sensitivities for detecting ischemia (II, V4, V5)?

Answer 2

V4 - 61%, V5 - 75%, II/V5 - 80%, V4/5 - 90%, II/V4/5 - 98%

Question 3

Where does the subarachnoid space typically terminate I’m adults?

Answer 3

S2

Question 4

What are the anatomical landmarks for the sacral hiatus?

Answer 4

Two PSIS with sacral hiatus at the apex

Question 5

How do you intubated if cervical spine fracture is suspected?

Answer 5

1. Manual in-line axial traction (stabilization) by grasping mastoid processes. Another person to provide cricoid pressure
2. Awake fiberoptic
3. Blind nasotracheal IF no evidence of facial or basal skull fractures

Question 6

What is the origin of the left and right main coronary arteries?

Answer 6

They arise from behind the left and right aortic valve leaflets

Question 7

What does the LAD supply?

Answer 7

Anterior wall of LV and anterior 2/3 of the intraventricular septum

Question 8

What does the LCCA supply?

Answer 8

LV lateral wall and part of LV posterior wall

Question 9

What does the RCA supply?

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior walls of the RV except for the apex, right atrium, SA node, posterior wall of intraventricular septum, inferior wall of LV, AV node and posterior base of LV

Question 10

What supplies the PDA?

Answer 10

RCA or LCCA

Question 11

What lumbar level is the iliac crest?

Answer 11

L3-4

Question 12

What thoracic level is at the inferior border of the scapula?

Answer 12

T7

Question 13

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

Answer 13

L1-2

Question 14

Name the landmarks for a sciatic nerve block.

Answer 14

Draw a line between the greater trochanter and PSIS. Needle is inserted 4cm distal to the midpoint of these landmarks.

Question 15

Name the landmarks for a femoral block.

Answer 15

Below in inguinal ligament at the level of the femoral crease 1 cm lateral to femoral artery.

Question 16

Name the landmarks for a saphenous block (upper and lower).

Answer 16

Medial surface of tibial tuberosity to upper calf

Medial malleolus

Question 17

Name the landmarks for a lumbar plexus block.

Answer 17

Level of iliac crest and midline (spinous processes). 4cm lateral from midline at the level of the iliac crest.

Question 18

Name the landmarks for a lateral femoral cutaneous block.

Answer 18

2cm medial and 2cm caudal to ASIS

Question 19

Name the landmarks for an ankle block (DP, SP, PT, Sural, Saphenous)

Answer 19

DP: lateral to EHL
SP: lateral to EDL
PT: posterior to PT a.
Sural: posterior to lateral mal
Saphenous: anterior to medial mal

Question 20

Name the different subclasses of A peripheral nerve fibers and their function.

Answer 20

Alpha: motor
Beta: tactile, proprioception
Gamma: muscle tone
Delta: pain, cold, touch

Question 21

What is the function of B class peripheral nerve fibers?

Answer 21

Autonomic function

Question 22

What is the function of class C type peripheral nerve fibers?

Answer 22

Autonomic function, pain, warmth, touch

Question 23

What is a complication unique to a left sided central line placement?

Answer 23

Injury to the thoracic duct.

Question 24

What are the effects of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury?

Answer 24

Paramedian position of ipsilateral vocal cord (caused hoarseness and stridor)