Anatomy

Question 1

What are the three parts of the Pharynx?

Answer 1

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx

Question 2

Nasopharynx

Answer 2

Posterior aspect of nasal cavity

Question 3

Oropharynx

Answer 3

posterior aspect of oral cavity that extends to the tip of the epiglottis;
includes the uvula, the soft and hard palates,, the palantine tonsils, and the tongue

Question 4

Hypopharynx

Answer 4

tip of epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

posterior aspect of nasal cavity to cricoid cartilage

Question 6

4 Facts about the Nasal Cavity

Answer 6

1/3 bone, 2/3 cartilage;
primary pathway of air exchange;
resistance is 2-3 times greater through nose than mouth;
Lined with vascular mucous membranes, cilia, hair

Question 7

Functions of nasal cavity

Answer 7

warmth, humidification, filtration

Question 8

4 types of Tonsils

Answer 8

Pharyngeal (Adenoids), Palantine (Tonsils), Lingual, Tubal

Question 9

Waldeyer’s Ring

Answer 9

Continuous ring of lymphoid tissue surrounding the entrance to the pharynx.
It can swell closed.
Consists of Adenoids, Tubal, Palantine & Lingual tonsils

Question 10

Which tonsils are at risk for damage from nasal intubation?

Answer 10

Pharyngeal (adenoids) & Palantine (tonsils)

Question 11

What is the tongue?

Answer 11

Largest structure of the oropharynx;

Main source of obstruction and resistance

Question 12

Anatomy of the tongue

Answer 12

Root connected to the hyoid bone and the genioglossi muscles

Question 13

What is the significance of the genioglossi muscles?

Answer 13

When sedation is administered, these muscles relax and obstruct the airway.

Question 14

What is the classic sign of obstruction.

Answer 14

Belly up, chest down

Question 15

Structures of Larynx

Answer 15

Tongue, Epiglottis, Vestibular Folds, True vocal cords, pyriform fossa

Question 16

Purposes of Larynx

Answer 16

Main job: Prevent Aspiration;
Secondary: Breathing
Lastly, phonation

Question 17

Valeculla

Answer 17

Groove located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis

Question 18

Laryngeal Cartilages

Answer 18

Epiglottis, Thyroid cartilage, Cricoid cartilage, paired arytenoids, paired corniculate, paired cuneiform

Question 19

Epiglottis

Answer 19

Covering for the laryngeal opening

Question 20

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 20

Adam’s Apple - anterior wall of pharynx;
Largest cartilage of larynx
Superior border secures thyrohyoid membrane;
Caudal border holds the cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 21

only continuous cartilage of the larynx;
15cm in adult;
Ring shaped
Connected to cricothyroid ligament at C6

Question 22

Arytenoid Cartilages

Answer 22

Small upward protrusions at the back of larynx;
Attached to cricoid cartilage by crycoarytenoid muscles;
attached to vocal cords and span across larynx to part of thyroid cartilage

Question 23

Corniculate cartilages

Answer 23

“Horn-like”;
rest on top of arytenoids;
during swallowing, epiglottis meets with corniculates to seal off airway