Anatomy

Question 1

What are the layers of the adrenal gland?

Answer 1

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zone reticularis

Question 2

What is the inner layer of the adrenal gland called

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

What cells are located within the medulla?

Answer 3

Chromaffin cells

Question 4

Catecholamines are produced in what layer of the adrenal gland?

Answer 4

Medulla

Question 5

What hormone are chromaffin cells in the medulla responsive to?

Answer 5

ACh

Question 6

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine are produced by what cells within the adrenal medulla?

Answer 6

Chromaffin cells

Question 7

What layer of the adrenal gland produces androgens?

Answer 7

Zona reticularis

Question 8

What hormones regulate the zona reticularis?

Answer 8

ACTH and CRH

Question 9

What hormones are produced in the zona reticularis

Answer 9

DHEA

Question 10

ACTH and CRH act on the zona reticularis and cause production of what type of hormones?

Answer 10

Androgens (DHEA)

Question 11

What layer of the adrenal gland produces glucocorticoids?

Answer 11

Zona fasciculata

Question 12

What hormones regulate the zona fasciculata

Answer 12

ACTH and CRH

Question 13

What hormone is produced in the zona fasciculata?

Answer 13

Cortisol

Question 14

ACTH and CRH acts on the zona fasciculata and cause production of what type of hormones?

Answer 14

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)

Question 15

What layer of the adrenal gland produces mineralocorticoids?

Answer 15

Zona glomerulosa

Question 16

What hormones are produced in the zona glomerulosa?

Answer 16

Aldosterone

Question 17

What hormone regulates the zona glomerulosa?

Answer 17

Angiotensin II

Question 18

Angiotensin II acts on the zona glomerulosa and produces what type of hormones?

Answer 18

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Question 19

What embryological tissue is the posterior pituitary gland derived from?

Answer 19

Neuroectoderm

Question 20

What hormones are released from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)?

Answer 20

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (AD)

Question 21

Where is the location of the synthesis of oxytocin and ADH?

Answer 21

Both in hypothalamus within:
Oxytocin - paraventricular nucleus
ADH - supraoptic nucleus

Question 22

How do oxytocin and ADH get from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 22

Transported via neurophysins

Question 23

What hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)?

Answer 23

FLAT PiG: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH and Prolactin, GH

Question 24

Which anterior pituitary hormones are basophils?

Answer 24

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

Question 25

Which anterior pituitary hormones are acidophils?

Answer 25

Prolactin, GH

Question 26

Where is melanotropin (MS) secreted from?

Answer 26

Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

Question 27

What tissue is the anterior pituitary derived from?

Answer 27

Oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch)

Question 28

From what precursor are ACTH and MSH derived from

Answer 28

Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)

Question 29

What type of cells are found in islets of Langerhans?

Answer 29

alpha, beta, and delta cells

Question 30

What islet cells secrete insulin?

Answer 30

Beta cells

Question 31

What islet cells secreted somatostatin?

Answer 31

Delta cells

Question 32

What islet cells secrete glucagon

Answer 32

Alpha cells

Question 33

What area of islet are beta cells located?

Answer 33

Centrally

Question 34

What area of islet are alpha cells located?

Answer 34

Peripherally

Question 35

What area of islet are delta cells located?

Answer 35

Interspersed